Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate the biostimulating effect of exogenous melatonin (MEL) applied to seeds via hydroconditioning. It was indicated that only well-chosen application technique and MEL dose guarantees success concerning seed germination and young seedlings growth under stress conditions. For maize seed, 50 μM of MEL appeared to be the optimal dose. It improved seed germination and embryonic axes growth especially during chilling stress (5 °C/14 days) and during regeneration after its subsided. Unfortunately, MEL overdosing lowered IAA level in dry seeds and could disrupt the ROS-dependent signal transduction pathways. Very effective antioxidant MEL action was confirmed by low level of protein oxidative damage and smaller quantity of lipid oxidation products in embryonic axes isolated from seeds pre-treated with MEL and then exposed to cold. The stimulatory effects of MEL on antioxidant enzymes: SOD, APX and GSH-PX and on GST-a detoxifying enzyme, was also demonstrated. It was indicated for the first time, that MEL induced defence strategies against stress at the cytological level, as appearing endoreplication in embryonic axes cells even in the seeds germinating under optimal conditions (preventive action), but very intensively in those germinating under chilling stress conditions (intervention action), and after stress removal, to improve regeneration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 μM melatonin dose was optimal for maize seed.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For maize seed, 50 μM of MEL appeared to be the optimal dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved seed germination during chilling and recovery.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It improved seed germination and embryonic axes growth especially during chilling stress (5 °C/14 days) and during regeneration after its subsided”
e1“For maize seed, 50 μM of MEL appeared to be the optimal dose”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved embryonic axis growth during chilling and recovery.
- Treatment
- MELe1
- Outcome
- embryonic axes growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- chilling stress (5 °C/14 days)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It improved seed germination and embryonic axes growth especially during chilling stress (5 °C/14 days) and during regeneration after its subsided”
e1“For maize seed, 50 μM of MEL appeared to be the optimal dose”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin overdosing lowered IAA in dry seeds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MEL overdosing lowered IAA level in dry seeds”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin overdosing could disrupt ROS-dependent signaling.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could disrupt the ROS-dependent signal transduction pathways”
e1“MEL overdosing lowered IAA level in dry seeds”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin pretreatment reduced protein oxidative damage and lipid oxidation products after cold exposure.
- Organ / stage
- embryonic axese0
- Treatment
- pre-treated with MELe0
- Outcome
- protein oxidative damage and smaller quantity of lipid oxidation productse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low level of protein oxidative damage and smaller quantity of lipid oxidation products in embryonic axes isolated from seeds pre-treated with MEL and then exposed to cold”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin stimulated SOD, APX and GSH-PX antioxidant enzymes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stimulatory effects of MEL on antioxidant enzymes: SOD, APX and GSH-PX”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin stimulated the GST-a detoxifying enzyme.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stimulatory effects of MEL on antioxidant enzymes: SOD, APX and GSH-PX and on GST-a detoxifying enzyme, was also demonstrated”
t0“Maize Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin induced endoreplication in embryonic axes under optimal conditions and more intensely under chilling.
- Treatment
- MELe0
- Outcome
- endoreplication in embryonic axes cellse0
- Qualifier
- under chilling stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MEL induced defence strategies against stress at the cytological level, as appearing endoreplication in embryonic axes cells even in the seeds germinating under optimal conditions (preventive action), but very intensively in those germinating under chilling stress conditions”
t0“Maize Seeds”
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.