Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2017-18 during main cropping seasons of the year 2017 and 2018 at Dryland (Karewa) Agriculture Research Station, SKUAST-K to determine the effect of different post and pre emergence herbicides application on weed dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and variety used was Bio-605. Five treatments Five treatments viz, Atrazine 50% WP @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence and Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ha-1, 2,4-D sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as post-emergence herbicides (application at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds), hand weeding as standard check and weedy check as control were used. Effect of different herbicides on weed density was found significant. in plots managed with hand weeding, no weed was recorded. The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp. However, the maximum population of weeds was recorded in weedy check with 21.54 m-2, 20.87 m-2, 19.16 m-2, 21.5 m-2, 16.7 m-2 and 60.7 m-2. No significant difference was observed between Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 and 2,4- D Sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 except for Cyperus spp. with density of 51.37 m-2 and 43.04 m-2 respectively. The potential of the atrazine in controlling weeds thereby enhancing yield of maize was found in this study.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of different herbicides on weed density were significant.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Effect of different herbicides on weed density was found significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding left no weeds in the plots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“in plots managed with hand weeding, no weed was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 5.51 m-2 in Echinochloa spp.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 5.51e3
- Qualifier
- Echinochloa spp.e3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 5.4 m-2 in Eleusine indica.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 5.4e3
- Qualifier
- Eleusine indicae3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 3.73 m-2 in Digitaria sanguinalis.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 3.73e3
- Qualifier
- Digitaria sanguinalise3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 5.12 m-2 in Amaranthus viridis.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 5.12e3
- Qualifier
- Amaranthus viridise3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 4.28 m-2 in Sorghum halepense.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 4.28e3
- Qualifier
- Sorghum halepensee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence gave a weed population of 41.4 m-2 in Cyperus spp.
- Treatment
- Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergencee3
- Outcome
- weed populatione3
- Value
- 41.4m-2e3
- Qualifier
- Cyperus spp.e3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check had the maximum weed population, with values of 21.54, 20.87, 19.16, 21.5, 16.7 and 60.7 m-2 across the weed taxa.
- Outcome
- maximum population of weedse4
- Value
- 21.54 m-2, 20.87 m-2, 19.16 m-2, 21.5 m-2, 16.7 m-2 and 60.7 m-2e4
- Qualifier
- weedy checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“However, the maximum population of weeds was recorded in weedy check with 21.54 m-2, 20.87 m-2, 19.16 m-2, 21.5 m-2, 16.7 m-2 and 60.7 m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in weed density was observed between paraquat dichloride and 2,4-D sodium salt, except for Cyperus spp.
- Treatment
- Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1e5
- Outcome
- densitye5
- Direction
- No significant differencee5
- Qualifier
- except for Cyperus spp.e5
- Comparator
- 2,4- D Sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“No significant difference was observed between Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 and 2,4- D Sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 except for Cyperus spp. with density of 51.37 m-2 and 43.04 m-2 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyperus spp. density was 51.37 m-2 under paraquat dichloride and 43.04 m-2 under 2,4-D sodium salt.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“No significant difference was observed between Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 and 2,4- D Sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 except for Cyperus spp. with density of 51.37 m-2 and 43.04 m-2 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine controlled weeds and thereby enhanced maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“The potential of the atrazine in controlling weeds thereby enhancing yield of maize was found in this study”
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