Abstract
Increasing productivity of maize while decreasing production costs and maintaining soil health are emerging challenges for the rice–maize system in South Asia. A range of integrated nutrient and weed management practices were tested in winter maize for their effects on yield, profitability, and soil health. The nutrient management treatments were a partial substitution of nitrogen with bulky (Farmyard manure; vermicompost) and concentrated organic manures (Brassicaceous seed meal, BSM; neem cake), whereas weed management practices compared chemical controls only versus an integrated approach. The N supplementation through BSM diminished the weed growth by reducing weed N uptake, and enhanced the maize crop uptake of nutrients. As compared to the sole chemical approach, atrazine-applied pre-emergence followed by hoeing reduced weed density by 58 and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively. The N supplementation through BSM resulted in the maximum yield of maize grain (6.13 and 6.50 t ha−1 in year 1 and year 2, respectively) and this treatment increased yield in year 2 compared to N application through synthetic fertilizer. Hoeing in conjugation with herbicide enhanced the maize grain yield by 9% over herbicide alone. The maximum net return and economic efficiency were achieved with the application of BSM for N supplementation, together with the integrated weed management practice.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
BSM nitrogen supplementation diminished weed growth by reducing weed N uptake.
- Treatment
- N supplementation through BSMe2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed growth by reducing weed N uptakee2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e2“The N supplementation through BSM diminished the weed growth by reducing weed N uptake, and enhanced the maize crop uptake of nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
BSM nitrogen supplementation enhanced maize crop uptake of nutrients.
- Treatment
- N supplementation through BSMe2
- Outcome
- maize crop uptake of nutrientse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e2“The N supplementation through BSM diminished the weed growth by reducing weed N uptake, and enhanced the maize crop uptake of nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence followed by hoeing reduced weed density by 58 and 67% in years 1 and 2 versus the sole chemical approach.
- Treatment
- atrazine-applied pre-emergence followed by hoeinge3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 58 and 67%e3
- Comparator
- sole chemical approache3
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e3“As compared to the sole chemical approach, atrazine-applied pre-emergence followed by hoeing reduced weed density by 58 and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BSM nitrogen supplementation gave the maximum maize grain yield, 6.13 and 6.50 t/ha in years 1 and 2.
- Treatment
- N supplementation through BSMe4
- Outcome
- yield of maize graine4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 6.13 and 6.50 t ha−1e4
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e4“The N supplementation through BSM resulted in the maximum yield of maize grain (6.13 and 6.50 t ha−1 in year 1 and year 2, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In year 2, BSM nitrogen supplementation increased maize yield compared with synthetic nitrogen fertilizer.
- Treatment
- N supplementation through BSMe4
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- N application through synthetic fertilizere5
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e4“The N supplementation through BSM resulted in the maximum yield of maize grain (6.13 and 6.50 t ha−1 in year 1 and year 2, respectively)”
e5“this treatment increased yield in year 2 compared to N application through synthetic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoeing with herbicide raised maize grain yield by 9% over herbicide alone.
- Treatment
- Hoeing in conjugation with herbicidee6
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 9%e6
- Comparator
- herbicide alonee6
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e6“Hoeing in conjugation with herbicide enhanced the maize grain yield by 9% over herbicide alone”
Claim · model-written summary
BSM nitrogen supplementation with integrated weed management gave the maximum net return and economic efficiency.
- Treatment
- application of BSM for N supplementation, together with the integrated weed management practicee7
- Outcome
- net return and economic efficiencye7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Setting
- Eastern Indiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India”
e7“The maximum net return and economic efficiency were achieved with the application of BSM for N supplementation, together with the integrated weed management practice”
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