Abstract
Germination is a very sensitive stage for the harmful effect of salinity stress. Plants respond differently to different types of salt. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is the most important hormone to mitigate salt stress. A controlled germination study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different salts (0, 150 mM NaCl, and 150 mM Na2SO4) and different GA3 concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, and 300 mg L -1 ) on the germination of the two most used Sudanese sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) varieties Wadahmed and Tabat. The studied parameters were seed water uptake after 8 h imbibition, germination percentage, germination rate, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, and seed vigor index. Results showed that Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment. The maximum values for seed water uptake, germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, and seed vigor index were achieved at 100 mg L -1 GA3. The Na2SO4 salt had a more harmful effect than NaCl. The 100 mg L -1 GA3 concentration can be recommended to improve seed water uptake, germination parameters, and seedling growth under salt stress in the two Sudanese sorghum varieties (Wadahmed and Tabat). 'Wadahmed' was more tolerant to salinity stress than 'Tabat' at the germination stage.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage by 17.0% versus no salt.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17.0%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced germination rate by 50.0%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50.0%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced shoot length by 86.99%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 86.99%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced root length by 89.03%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89.03%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced root fresh weight by 76.8%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76.8%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced shoot dry weight by 54.5%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54.5%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced root dry weight by 66.6%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 66.6%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 reduced seed vigor index by 89.7%.
- Treatment
- Na2SO4e0
- Outcome
- seed vigor indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89.7%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na2SO4 reduced germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seed vigor index by 17.0%, 50.0%, 86.99%, 89.03%, 76.8%, 54.5%, 66.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed water uptake, germination percentage and rate were maximal at 100 mg L -1 GA3.
- Treatment
- 100 mg L -1 GA3e0
- Outcome
- seed water uptake, germination percentage, germination ratee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum values for seed water uptake, germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, and seed vigor index were achieved at 100 mg L -1 GA3”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length and seed vigor index were maximal at 100 mg L -1 GA3.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum values for seed water uptake, germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, and seed vigor index were achieved at 100 mg L -1 GA3”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 was more harmful than NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Na2SO4 salt had a more harmful effect than NaCl”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 100 mg L -1 GA3 to improve germination and seedling growth under salinity.
- Outcome
- 100 mg L -1 GA3 concentration can be recommended to improve seed water uptake, germination parameters, and seedling growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 100 mg L -1 GA3 concentration can be recommended to improve seed water uptake, germination parameters, and seedling growth under salt stress in the two Sudanese sorghum varieties (Wadahmed and Tabat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wadahmed was more salt tolerant than Tabat during germination.
- Material
- 'Wadahmed'e0
- Organ / stage
- germination stagee0
- Outcome
- tolerant to salinity stresse0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- 'Tabat'e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“'Wadahmed' was more tolerant to salinity stress than 'Tabat' at the germination stage”
t0“sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
sodium sulfate · growth · SorghumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.