Abstract
This research was conducted at the University of Debrecen Látókép Research Station and is part of an ongoing long-term polyfactorial experiment. The impact of three tillage systems (Mouldboard plowing-MT, Strip tillage-ST, Ripper tillage-RT) and two levels of fertilizer treatments (N80 kg ha-1, N160 kg ha-1) along with a control (N0 kg ha-1) on the yield of maize hybrids (Armagnac- FAO 490 & Loupiac-FAO 380) cultivated in rotation with winter wheat was evaluated during a two-year period (2017–2018). Amongst the three tillage treatments evaluated, ripper tillage (RT) had the highest average yield (10.14 t ha-1) followed by mouldboard tillage (MT) and strip tillage (ST) with 9.84 and 9.21 t ha-1 respectively. Yield difference between RT and MT was not significant (P>0.05), as compared to ST (P<0.05). Soil moisture content varied significantly with tillage practices and was highest in ST, followed by RT and MT (ST>RT>MT). Yield of RT was 7–9% higher than MT in monoculture plots, while MT reign superior in biculture plots (monoculture: RT>MT>ST; biculture: MT>RT>ST). A positive interaction between tillage and fertilization was observed, with higher yield variation (CV=40.70) in the non-fertilized (N0) plots, compared to those which received the N80 (CV=19.50) and N160 kg ha-1 (CV=11.59) treatments. Incremental yield gain from increase fertilizer dosages was significantly higher in monoculture, compared to biculture. There was no significant difference in yield between N160 and N80 in the biculture plots (12.29 vs 12.02 t ha-1). However, in monoculture plots, N160 yield was 23% higher than the N80 kg ha-1 (N160=11.74 vs N80=9.56 t ha-1). Mean yield of maize in rotation with winter wheat was 28% (2.47 tons) higher than monoculture maize. The greatest benefit of crop rotation was observed in the control plots (N0) with an incremental yield gain of 4.39 tons ha-1 over monculture maize (9.92 vs 5.43 t ha-1). Yield increased with higher fertilizer dosages in irrigated plots. Fertilizer application greatly increased the yield of maize and accounted for 48.9% of yield variances. The highest yield (11.92 t ha-1) was obtained with N160 kg ha-1 treatment, followed by N80 kg ha-1 (10.38 t ha-1) and N0 kg ha-1 (6.89 t ha-1) respectively. Overall mean yield difference between the two hybrids was not statistically significant, however, yield of FAO 380 was 3.9% higher (9.06 vs. 8.72 t ha-1) than FAO 490 in monoculture plots, while in biculture plots, FAO 490 was 4.1% higher than FAO 380. Average yield in 2018 was 13.6% (1.24 t ha-1) higher than 2017 for the same set of agrotechnical inputs, thus, highlighting the significant effect of cropyear. Armagnac (FAO 490) cultivated in rotation with winter wheat, under ripper tillage and N80 kg ha-1 is the best combination of treatments for optimum yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Ripper tillage gave the highest mean maize yield, 10.14 t ha-1, compared with mouldboard and strip tillage.
- Treatment
- ripper tillage (RT)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.14 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- mouldboard tillage (MT) and strip tillage (ST)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ripper tillage (RT) had the highest average yield (10.14 t ha-1) followed by mouldboard tillage (MT) and strip tillage (ST)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mouldboard tillage yielded 9.84 t ha-1.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ripper tillage (RT) had the highest average yield (10.14 t ha-1) followed by mouldboard tillage (MT) and strip tillage (ST) with 9.84 and 9.21 t ha-1 respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage yielded 9.21 t ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ripper tillage (RT) had the highest average yield (10.14 t ha-1) followed by mouldboard tillage (MT) and strip tillage (ST) with 9.84 and 9.21 t ha-1 respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RT and MT yields were not significantly different, while RT and ST yields differed significantly.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield difference between RT and MT was not significant (P>0.05), as compared to ST (P<0.05)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture was highest with strip tillage, followed by ripper and mouldboard tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture content varied significantly with tillage practices and was highest in ST, followed by RT and MT (ST>RT>MT)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture, RT yield exceeded MT by 7–9%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of RT was 7–9% higher than MT in monoculture plots”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In biculture, MT yielded more than RT and ST.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT reign superior in biculture plots (monoculture: RT>MT>ST; biculture: MT>RT>ST)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield variation was highest without fertilization, CV=40.70, compared with N80 and N160.
- Treatment
- non-fertilized (N0)e0
- Outcome
- yield variatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- CV=40.70e0
- Comparator
- N80e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher yield variation (CV=40.70) in the non-fertilized (N0) plots, compared to those which received the N80 (CV=19.50) and N160 kg ha-1 (CV=11.59) treatments”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Incremental yield gain from higher fertilizer dosage was significantly larger in monoculture than biculture.
- Treatment
- increase fertilizer dosagese0
- Outcome
- Incremental yield gaine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- biculturee0
- Setting
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incremental yield gain from increase fertilizer dosages was significantly higher in monoculture, compared to biculture”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N160 and N80 yields did not differ significantly in biculture.
- Treatment
- N160e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Value
- 12.29e0
- Comparator
- N80e0
- Setting
- biculture plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in yield between N160 and N80 in the biculture plots (12.29 vs 12.02 t ha-1)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In monoculture, N160 yield was 23% higher than N80 yield.
- Treatment
- N160e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- N80 kg ha-1e0
- Setting
- monoculture plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in monoculture plots, N160 yield was 23% higher than the N80 kg ha-1 (N160=11.74 vs N80=9.56 t ha-1)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with winter wheat raised mean maize yield by 28%.
- Treatment
- rotation with winter wheate0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yield of maize in rotation with winter wheat was 28% (2.47 tons) higher than monoculture maize”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased yield in N0 plots by 4.39 tons ha-1 over monoculture.
- Treatment
- control plots (N0)e0
- Outcome
- incremental yield gaine0
- Direction
- gaine0
- Value
- 4.39 tons ha-1e0
- Comparator
- monculture maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control plots (N0) with an incremental yield gain of 4.39 tons ha-1 over monculture maize (9.92 vs 5.43 t ha-1)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increased with fertilizer dosage in irrigated plots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increased with higher fertilizer dosages in irrigated plots”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application increased maize yield and accounted for 48.9% of yield variance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer application greatly increased the yield of maize and accounted for 48.9% of yield variances”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N160 produced the highest yield, 11.92 t ha-1, followed by N80 and N0.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield (11.92 t ha-1) was obtained with N160 kg ha-1 treatment, followed by N80 kg ha-1 (10.38 t ha-1) and N0 kg ha-1 (6.89 t ha-1)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall yield did not significantly differ between hybrids.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall mean yield difference between the two hybrids was not statistically significant”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FAO 380 yielded 3.9% more than FAO 490 in monoculture, whereas FAO 490 yielded 4.1% more in biculture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of FAO 380 was 3.9% higher (9.06 vs. 8.72 t ha-1) than FAO 490 in monoculture plots, while in biculture plots, FAO 490 was 4.1% higher than FAO 380”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield in 2018 was 13.6% higher than 2017.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yield in 2018 was 13.6% (1.24 t ha-1) higher than 2017 for the same set of agrotechnical inputs”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified Armagnac in rotation with winter wheat under ripper tillage and N80 as the best yield combination.
- Material
- Armagnac (FAO 490)e0
- Treatment
- ripper tillage and N80 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- best combination of treatments for optimum yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Armagnac (FAO 490) cultivated in rotation with winter wheat, under ripper tillage and N80 kg ha-1 is the best combination of treatments for optimum yield”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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