Abstract
Plants grown in natural soil are colonized by phylogenetically structured communities of microbes known as the microbiota. Individual microbes can activate microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI), which limits pathogen proliferation but curtails plant growth, a phenomenon known as the growth-defence trade-off. Here, we report that, in monoassociations, 41% (62 out of 151) of taxonomically diverse root bacterial commensals suppress Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition (RGI) triggered by immune-stimulating MAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns. Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes reveals that immune activation alters the profile of synthetic communities (SynComs) comprising RGI-non-suppressive strains, whereas the presence of RGI-suppressive strains attenuates this effect. Root colonization by SynComs with different complexities and RGI-suppressive activities alters the expression of 174 core host genes, with functions related to root development and nutrient transport. Furthermore, RGI-suppressive SynComs specifically downregulate a subset of immune-related genes. Precolonization of plants with RGI-suppressive SynComs, or mutation of one commensal-downregulated transcription factor, MYB15, renders the plants more susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogens. Our results suggest that RGI-non-suppressive and RGI-suppressive root commensals modulate host susceptibility to pathogens by either eliciting or dampening MTI responses, respectively. This interplay buffers the plant immune system against pathogen perturbation and defence-associated growth inhibition, ultimately leading to commensal-host homeostasis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-one percent of tested root commensals suppressed immune-triggered root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- root bacterial commensalse0
- Interactor
- root bacterial commensalse0symbiont
- Outcome
- root growth inhibition (RGI)e0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Value
- 41% (62 out of 151)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“41% (62 out of 151) of taxonomically diverse root bacterial commensals suppress Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition (RGI) triggered by immune-stimulating MAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
Immune activation altered communities of RGI-non-suppressive strains.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- immune activatione0
- Interactor
- RGI-non-suppressive strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- profile of synthetic communities (SynComs)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“immune activation alters the profile of synthetic communities (SynComs) comprising RGI-non-suppressive strains”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
RGI-suppressive strains attenuated the effect of immune activation on community profiles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- RGI-suppressive strainse0
- Interactor
- RGI-suppressive strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- this effecte0
- Direction
- attenuatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of RGI-suppressive strains attenuates this effect”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
SynCom colonization altered expression of 174 core host genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Root colonization by SynComse0
- Interactor
- SynComse0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of 174 core host genese0
- Value
- 174 core host genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root colonization by SynComs with different complexities and RGI-suppressive activities alters the expression of 174 core host genes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
RGI-suppressive SynComs downregulated immune-related genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- RGI-suppressive SynComse0
- Interactor
- SynComse0symbiont
- Outcome
- subset of immune-related genese0
- Direction
- downregulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RGI-suppressive SynComs specifically downregulate a subset of immune-related genes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Precolonization with RGI-suppressive SynComs increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas pathogens.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Precolonization of plants with RGI-suppressive SynComse0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas pathogense0pathogen
- Second interactor
- RGI-suppressive SynComse0symbiont
- Outcome
- susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogense0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Precolonization of plants with RGI-suppressive SynComs, or mutation of one commensal-downregulated transcription factor, MYB15, renders the plants more susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogens”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB15 mutation increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas pathogens.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- mutation of one commensal-downregulated transcription factor, MYB15e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas pathogense0pathogen
- Gene
- MYB15e0
- Outcome
- susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogense0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutation of one commensal-downregulated transcription factor, MYB15, renders the plants more susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogens”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition”
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