Abstract
A key driver of the current unsustainable global phosphorus (P) cycle is the removal of P from fields in harvested grains. Minimising the concentration of P in grains of staple cereal crops would contribute towards addressing the issue, but it is possible that reducing grain P concentration may impact the vigour of subsequent seedlings. We used a hydroponic method to obtain low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds from plants grown under near-identical conditions, so that any differences in subsequent seedling growth were likely due to differences in seed P concentrations rather than other seed quality differences that may arise from growing mother plants under different conditions. Seedling biomass production and P uptake were then investigated using high- and low-P seed of four rice genotypes in a P-rich soil and a P-deficient soil in a pot study in a glasshouse. In the P-rich soil, with a history of P fertilisation, with P fertiliser banded below seeds at sowing at 20 kg P ha−1 on a pot surface area basis, seedling biomass and P uptake were significantly affected by genotype (p < 0.05) but not by seed P concentration. In the P-deficient Ferralsol, main effects of seed P concentration, genotype and P fertiliser treatment (nil P, banded P fertiliser, broadcast and incorporated P fertiliser) on seedling biomass were all significant (p < 0.01) with, a significant genotype × P fertiliser treatment interaction. Overall, low-P seed produced less biomass than high-P seed (0.059 vs. 0.067 g plant−1) and nil P fertiliser (0.057 g plant−1) resulted in less biomass than banded P fertiliser and broadcast P fertiliser (0.064 and 0.068 g plant−1, respectively). When two genotypes were re-grown in the P-deficient Ferralsol with P fertiliser banded under the seed at 20 kg P ha−1 there was a significant effect of genotype on shoot biomass (p < 0.001) but only a trend towards lower seedling biomass with low P seed compared to high P seed (p = 0.128). Overall, the results suggest that seed P concentration does not affect seedling vigour when external soil P fertility is sufficiently high, but in P-deficient soils seedling biomass production and P uptake can be reduced by 10–20%. Further research is required to determine whether agronomic interventions including seed P priming or biological seed dressings can mitigate any impacts of lower seed P concentration on seedling vigour in P-deficient soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P rice seed produced less seedling biomass than high-P seed, 0.059 vs. 0.067 g per plant.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- low-P seede1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 0.059 vs. 0.067 g plant−1e1
- Comparator
- high-P seede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e1“Overall, low-P seed produced less biomass than high-P seed (0.059 vs. 0.067 g plant−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nil P fertiliser gave less rice seedling biomass than banded or broadcast P fertiliser, 0.064 and 0.068 g per plant.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nil P fertilisere2
- Outcome
- biomasse2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 0.064 and 0.068 g plant−1e2
- Qualifier
- nil P fertiliser (0.057 g plant−1)e2
- Comparator
- banded P fertiliser and broadcast P fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e2“nil P fertiliser (0.057 g plant−1) resulted in less biomass than banded P fertiliser and broadcast P fertiliser (0.064 and 0.068 g plant−1, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the P-rich soil, seed P concentration did not change rice seedling biomass or P uptake.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- seed P concentratione3
- Outcome
- seedling biomass and P uptakee3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Setting
- P-rich soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e3“In the P-rich soil, with a history of P fertilisation, with P fertiliser banded below seeds at sowing at 20 kg P ha−1 on a pot surface area basis, seedling biomass and P uptake were significantly affected by genotype (p < 0.05) but not by seed P concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
In the P-rich soil, genotype significantly affected rice seedling biomass and P uptake.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- genotypee3
- Outcome
- seedling biomass and P uptakee3
- Setting
- P-rich soile3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e3“In the P-rich soil, with a history of P fertilisation, with P fertiliser banded below seeds at sowing at 20 kg P ha−1 on a pot surface area basis, seedling biomass and P uptake were significantly affected by genotype (p < 0.05) but not by seed P concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
In the P-deficient Ferralsol, seed P concentration, genotype and P fertiliser treatment significantly affected rice seedling biomass.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- genotypee4
- Treatment
- P fertiliser treatmente4
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse4
- Setting
- P-deficient Ferralsole4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e4“In the P-deficient Ferralsol, main effects of seed P concentration, genotype and P fertiliser treatment (nil P, banded P fertiliser, broadcast and incorporated P fertiliser) on seedling biomass were all significant (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype significantly affected shoot biomass of rice in the P-deficient Ferralsol with banded P fertiliser (p < 0.001).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Material
- genotypee5
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e5“there was a significant effect of genotype on shoot biomass (p < 0.001) but only a trend towards lower seedling biomass with low P seed compared to high P seed (p = 0.128)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P seed showed only a trend towards lower rice seedling biomass than high-P seed (p = 0.128).
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low P seede5
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- only a trende5
- Comparator
- high P seede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e5“there was a significant effect of genotype on shoot biomass (p < 0.001) but only a trend towards lower seedling biomass with low P seed compared to high P seed (p = 0.128)”
Claim · model-written summary
In P-deficient soils, low seed P concentration can reduce rice seedling biomass production and P uptake by 10–20%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- seed P concentratione3
- Outcome
- seedling biomass production and P uptakee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 10–20%e6
- Setting
- P-deficient soilse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- and high-P rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds”
e3“In the P-rich soil, with a history of P fertilisation, with P fertiliser banded below seeds at sowing at 20 kg P ha−1 on a pot surface area basis, seedling biomass and P uptake were significantly affected by genotype (p < 0.05) but not by seed P concentration”
e6“in P-deficient soils seedling biomass production and P uptake can be reduced by 10–20%”
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See all 759 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.