Abstract
Biochar is used to improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change by carbon sequestration. The potential of using biochar together with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a soil fertilization technique, offers an alternative way for sustainable agriculture. In the present study biochar and acid stress adapted PGPR inoculants were applied in three different quantities in order to improve soil fertility to enhance maize growth and crop yield in an acidic sandy soil (pH 4.4). The objective of the study was to monitor the effect of biochar on soil biota and on the inoculated PGP bacteria. Soil bacterial community structure was characterized with the genotyping sequence-aided terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique and the phenotyping phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). T-RFLP method was applied also for detecting and estimating the relative abundance of the inoculated PGP bacteria. Inocula immobilized on the biochar surface, as well as high doses of biochar treatments positively influenced the applied Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundances. In case of Azospirillum brasilense, the positive effect proved to be statistically significant (1–6 times higher relative abundances as compared to the control and small dose). The bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced both by maize growth stage and by high doses (15 and 30 Mg ha−1) of biochar treatment. In the case of the immobilized PGP bacteria on the biochar surface treatment the maize above-ground biomass was significantly enhanced (2.6–3.2 times of the control). This study revealed that high doses of biochar treatment influenced the abundance of those bacterial groups that might play important roles in soil nutrient cycles.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar immobilization increased Azospirillum brasilense abundance.
- Treatment
- Inocula immobilized on the biochar surfacee0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- Azospirillum brasilensee0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inocula immobilized on the biochar surface, as well as high doses of biochar treatments positively influenced the applied Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundances.”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar immobilization increased Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundance.
- Treatment
- Inocula immobilized on the biochar surfacee0
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter crystallopoietese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundancese0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inocula immobilized on the biochar surface, as well as high doses of biochar treatments positively influenced the applied Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundances.”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar doses increased Azospirillum brasilense abundance.
- Treatment
- high doses of biochar treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- Azospirillum brasilensee0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inocula immobilized on the biochar surface, as well as high doses of biochar treatments positively influenced the applied Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundances.”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar doses increased Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundance.
- Treatment
- high doses of biochar treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter crystallopoietese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundancese0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inocula immobilized on the biochar surface, as well as high doses of biochar treatments positively influenced the applied Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes abundances.”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense relative abundance was 1–6 times higher than the control and small dose.
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundancese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1–6 timese0
- Comparator
- the control and small dosee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of Azospirillum brasilense, the positive effect proved to be statistically significant (1–6 times higher relative abundances as compared to the control and small dose).”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize growth stage significantly influenced rhizosphere bacterial community structure.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced both by maize growth stage and by high doses (15 and 30 Mg ha−1) of biochar treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar doses significantly influenced rhizosphere bacterial community structure.
- Treatment
- high doses (15 and 30 Mg ha−1) of biochar treatmente0
- Outcome
- bacterial community structure in the rhizospheree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced both by maize growth stage and by high doses (15 and 30 Mg ha−1) of biochar treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-immobilized PGP bacteria increased maize above-ground biomass 2.6–3.2 times relative to control.
- Treatment
- immobilized PGP bacteria on the biochar surface treatmente0
- Interactor
- PGP bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- maize above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.6–3.2 timese0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of the immobilized PGP bacteria on the biochar surface treatment the maize above-ground biomass was significantly enhanced (2.6–3.2 times of the control).”
Claim · model-written summary
High biochar doses influenced bacteria involved in soil nutrient cycles.
- Treatment
- high doses of biochar treatmente0
- Outcome
- abundance of those bacterial groupse0
- Qualifier
- might play important roles in soil nutrient cyclese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study revealed that high doses of biochar treatment influenced the abundance of those bacterial groups that might play important roles in soil nutrient cycles.”
e1“enhance maize growth and crop yield”
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