Abstract
Nitrogen (N) represents one of the limiting factors for crop growth and productivity and to date has been widely supplied via external application of fertilizers. However, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) might represent a valuable tool to further improve plant nutrition. This study examines the influence of Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants, focusing on the high-affinity transport system (HATS). Plants were induced with nitrate (500 µM) and either inoculated or not with Azospirillum. Inoculation decreased the nitrate uptake rate in induced plants, suggesting that Azospirillum may negatively affect HATS in the short term. The expression dynamics of ZmNF-YA and ZmLBD37 suggested that Azospirillum affected the N balance in the plants, most probably by supplying them with reduced N, i.e. NH4+. This was further corroborated by measurements of total N and the expression of ammonium transporter genes. Overall, our data demonstrate that Azospirillum can counteract the plant response to nitrate induction, albeit without compromising N nutrition. This suggests that the agricultural application of microbial inoculants requires fine-tuning of external fertilizer inputs.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Azospirillum decreased the nitrate uptake rate in nitrate-induced maize plants.
- Treatment
- Inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Outcome
- nitrate uptake ratee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- not with Azospirillume3
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“Inoculation decreased the nitrate uptake rate in induced plants”
e3“either inoculated or not with Azospirillum”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression dynamics of ZmNF-YA and ZmLBD37 suggest that Azospirillum affected the plant N balance, most probably by supplying reduced N (NH4+).
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume2symbiont - Gene
- ZmNF-YA and ZmLBD37e2
- Compound
- NH4+e2
- Outcome
- N balancee2
- Qualifier
- most probably by supplying them with reduced Ne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“The expression dynamics of ZmNF-YA and ZmLBD37 suggested that Azospirillum affected the N balance in the plants, most probably by supplying them with reduced N, i.e. NH4+”
Claim · model-written summary
Measurements of total N and of ammonium transporter gene expression corroborated the N-balance effect in maize.
- Outcome
- total N and the expression of ammonium transporter genese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“This was further corroborated by measurements of total N and the expression of ammonium transporter genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum counteracted the maize plant response to nitrate induction.
- Treatment
- Azospirillume2
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant response to nitrate inductione2
- Direction
- counteracte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“Overall, our data demonstrate that Azospirillum can counteract the plant response to nitrate induction, albeit without compromising N nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum did not compromise N nutrition in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“Overall, our data demonstrate that Azospirillum can counteract the plant response to nitrate induction, albeit without compromising N nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Agricultural application of microbial inoculants requires fine-tuning of external fertilizer inputs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays) plants”
e2“This suggests that the agricultural application of microbial inoculants requires fine-tuning of external fertilizer inputs”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.