Abstract
Over the last decade, LED lighting has gained considerable interest as an energy-efficient supplemental light source in greenhouse horticulture that can change rapidly in intensity and spectral composition. Spectral composition not only affects crop physiology but may also affect the biology of pathogens, pests, and their natural enemies, both directly and indirectly through an impact on induced plant resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of light spectrum against a background of sunlight on growth and development of Solanum melongena . These effects were related to the spectral effects on the establishment of populations of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and plant resilience against the biotrophic fungus powdery mildew, the necrotrophic fungus botrytis, and the herbivorous arthropod Western flower thrips. The effects of a reduced red/far-red (R:FR) ratio were studied under two ratios of red to blue light. Far-red light either was supplied additionally to the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) or partially replaced PPFD, while maintaining total photon flux density (PFD). Effects of white light or additional UV-B light on plant resilience was tested, compared to the reference (5% blue, 5% green, and 90% red light). Plant biomass in the vegetative phase increased when additional far-red light was supplied. Stem length increased with far-red, irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue light. In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD. Far-red light increased biomass partitioning into the fruits, at the expense of the leaves. There were no differences in population growth of A. swirskii mites between light treatments, nor did light treatment have an effect on the vertical distribution of these predatory mites in the plants. The treatments with additional far-red light reduced the infection rate of powdery mildew, but increased botrytis infection. These differences might be due to the plant defenses acting against these pathogens evolving from two different regulatory pathways. These results show that positive effects of altered spectral compositions on physiological responses were only moderately compensated by increased susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which offers perspective for a sustainable greenhouse horticulture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Additional far-red light increased plant biomass in the vegetative phase of eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongena
Solanum melongenat1 - Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee1
- Treatment
- additional far-red lighte1
- Outcome
- Plant biomass in the vegetative phasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e1“Plant biomass in the vegetative phase increased when additional far-red light was supplied”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased stem length in eggplant, irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue light.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- far-rede2
- Outcome
- Stem lengthe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue lighte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e2“Stem length increased with far-red, irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue light”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional far-red light gave higher total shoot biomass in the generative phase of eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Organ / stage
- generative phasee3
- Treatment
- additional far-red lighte3
- Outcome
- total shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e3“In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional far-red light gave higher fruit fresh weights in the generative phase of eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Organ / stage
- generative phasee3
- Treatment
- additional far-red lighte3
- Outcome
- fruit fresh weightse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e3“In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing PPFD partly with far-red gave lower generative-phase total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights than additional far-red light.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- far-red partly replaced PPFDe3
- Outcome
- total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weightse3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Comparator
- additional far-red lighte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e3“In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light increased biomass partitioning into the fruits of eggplant at the expense of the leaves.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Organ / stage
- fruitse4
- Treatment
- Far-red lighte4
- Outcome
- biomass partitioning into the fruitse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- at the expense of the leavese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e4“Far-red light increased biomass partitioning into the fruits, at the expense of the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatments did not change population growth of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii on eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- light treatmentse5
- Interactor
- Amblyseius swirskii
Amblyseius swirskiie0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- population growth of A. swirskii mitese5
- Direction
- no differencese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e0“populations of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii”
e5“There were no differences in population growth of A. swirskii mites between light treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Light treatment did not change the vertical distribution of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii on eggplant plants.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- light treatmente6
- Interactor
- Amblyseius swirskiiAmblyseius swirskiie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- vertical distribution of these predatory mitese6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e0“populations of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii”
e6“nor did light treatment have an effect on the vertical distribution of these predatory mites in the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional far-red light reduced powdery mildew infection rate on eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- additional far-red lighte7
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe7pathogen
- Outcome
- infection rate of powdery mildewe7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e7“The treatments with additional far-red light reduced the infection rate of powdery mildew, but increased botrytis infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional far-red light increased botrytis infection on eggplant.
- Taxon
- Solanum melongenaSolanum melongenat1
- Treatment
- additional far-red lighte7
- Outcome
- botrytis infectione7
- Direction
- increasede7
BotrytisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
e7“The treatments with additional far-red light reduced the infection rate of powdery mildew, but increased botrytis infection”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →light · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.