Abstract
LED lighting is appointed as the successor of HPS lighting in greenhouses since it can lead to a more sustainable cultivation, i.e. it converts electrical energy into photosynthetically active radiation more efficiently. To quantify the effect of this more efficient conversion within the operation of the greenhouse system, an optimal controller is proposed to generate optimal control trajectories for the controllable inputs of the greenhouse. The optimal controller makes use of an economic objective function, i.e. the difference between income (yield×productprice) and cost of resources (resourceuse×cost). The performance of this optimally controlled greenhouse system is compared with respect to the state-of-the-practice. Simulation experiments suggest optimal control can increase the economic objective by 10% to 65.14€.m−2 compared to 58.96€.m−2 for the state-of-the-practice, for tomatoes cultivated in a Dutch weather conditions. The model of the optimally controlled greenhouse is used to compare the performance of different lighting systems, i.e. no lighting, HPS lighting and LED lighting. An increase of 9% in the operational return is observed for LED lighting compared to HPS lighting. The electricity that is saved due to the more energy-efficient conversion in the LED lighting results in a 30% decrease in carbon footprint when comparing a greenhouse with LED lighting to a greenhouse with HPS lighting.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal control increased the economic objective of tomato production to 65.14€.m−2, compared with 58.96€.m−2 for the state-of-the-practice.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- optimal controle0
- Outcome
- economic objectivee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 65.14€.m−2e0
- Qualifier
- compared to 58.96€.m−2e0
- Comparator
- state-of-the-practicee0
- Setting
- Dutch weather conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulation experiments suggest optimal control can increase the economic objective by 10% to 65.14€.m−2 compared to 58.96€.m−2 for the state-of-the-practice, for tomatoes cultivated in a Dutch weather conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
LED lighting increased operational return by 9% compared with HPS lighting in the simulated tomato greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- LED lightinge1
- Outcome
- operational returne1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 9%e1
- Comparator
- HPS lightinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An increase of 9% in the operational return is observed for LED lighting compared to HPS lighting”
e0“Simulation experiments suggest optimal control can increase the economic objective by 10% to 65.14€.m−2 compared to 58.96€.m−2 for the state-of-the-practice, for tomatoes cultivated in a Dutch weather conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
LED lighting decreased the carbon footprint of tomato greenhouse production by 30% compared with HPS lighting.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- LED lightinge2
- Outcome
- carbon footprinte2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 30%e2
- Comparator
- HPS lightinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The electricity that is saved due to the more energy-efficient conversion in the LED lighting results in a 30% decrease in carbon footprint when comparing a greenhouse with LED lighting to a greenhouse with HPS lighting”
e0“Simulation experiments suggest optimal control can increase the economic objective by 10% to 65.14€.m−2 compared to 58.96€.m−2 for the state-of-the-practice, for tomatoes cultivated in a Dutch weather conditions”
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