Abstract
High-tech greenhouses are characterised by high yields and high energy consumption. Current trends towards expanded use of supplemental lighting further increase the intensity of crop production and energy use, and it is expected that the availability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will accelerate this trend. At the same time, an increase in greenhouse lighting reduces the heating energy needed from the heating system. This study presents a novel concept for greenhouses, where both lighting and heating are derived exclusively from lamps. Such greenhouses can be highly efficient, as light is used both for crop growth and for heating. If the electric grid is based on renewable sources, such greenhouses can also be carbon-neutral and fossil-free. By using model simulations for a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands, it was found that such greenhouses could be realised by employing a heat storage system with a heat storage capacity of 2 MJ m−2 and LEDs with a power capacity of 150 W m−2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 450 μmol m−2 s−1. The greenhouse heated by light was predicted to have 44% higher yields and 60% higher energy inputs than a reference greenhouse, equipped with a boiler and LEDs with a PPFD of 200 μmol m−2 s−1. This result was part of a general trade-off that was found between yield and energy efficiency. This exploration helped identify avenues for further improvement of the energy efficiency of greenhouses heated by lamps, highlighting their promise as a potential new direction in greenhouse intensification.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
A simulated tomato greenhouse heated by light was feasible with 2 MJ m−2 heat storage capacity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- heat storage systeme0
- Outcome
- heat storage capacitye0
- Value
- 2 MJ m−2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such greenhouses could be realised by employing a heat storage system with a heat storage capacity of 2 MJ m−2 and LEDs with a power capacity of 150 W m−2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 450 μmol m−2 s−1.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The simulated lamp heated tomato greenhouse required LED power capacity of 150 W m−2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- LEDse0
- Outcome
- power capacitye0
- Value
- 150 W m−2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such greenhouses could be realised by employing a heat storage system with a heat storage capacity of 2 MJ m−2 and LEDs with a power capacity of 150 W m−2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 450 μmol m−2 s−1.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The simulated lamp heated tomato greenhouse used LED PPFD of 450 μmol m−2 s−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- LEDse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)e0
- Value
- 450 μmol m−2 s−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such greenhouses could be realised by employing a heat storage system with a heat storage capacity of 2 MJ m−2 and LEDs with a power capacity of 150 W m−2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 450 μmol m−2 s−1.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The lamp heated tomato greenhouse was predicted to yield 44% more than the reference.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- greenhouse heated by lighte0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- reference greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse heated by light was predicted to have 44% higher yields and 60% higher energy inputs than a reference greenhouse, equipped with a boiler and LEDs with a PPFD of 200 μmol m−2 s−1.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The lamp heated tomato greenhouse was predicted to need 60% higher energy inputs than the reference.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- greenhouse heated by lighte0
- Outcome
- energy inputse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- reference greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse heated by light was predicted to have 44% higher yields and 60% higher energy inputs than a reference greenhouse, equipped with a boiler and LEDs with a PPFD of 200 μmol m−2 s−1.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The simulation found a trade-off between tomato yield and greenhouse energy efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- yield and energy efficiencye0
- Setting
- a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlandse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This result was part of a general trade-off that was found between yield and energy efficiency.”
e1“a tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands”
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cultivation system · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 103 papers →light · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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See all 105 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.