Abstract
Rice production is important for global food security but given its large water footprint, efficient irrigation management strategies need to be developed. Expansion of rice growing area is larger than any other crop in Africa due to increasing demand for rice. Three rice irrigation management alternatives with the system of rice intensification (SRI) were field-evaluated against the conventional continuously flooded system (CF) in Tanzania. Production systems included: (1) CF (50 mm ponding depth for the entire season); (2) SRI (40 mm ponding for 3 days and no irrigation for next 5 days); (3) 80% SRI (80% of the SRI ponding); and (4) 50% SRI (50% of the SRI ponding). Experimental evaluation of the four systems was conducted for both wet and dry seasons. For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha). The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha). The 50% SRI had lowest yield of all for both seasons, 7.48 tons/ha and 4.99 tons/ha for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Statistically, the 80% SRI treatment outperformed all other treatments over the two seasons with an additional yield of 1.57 tons/ha and 33% (345 mm) water savings compared to the CF. Economic productivity of water (US$/ha-cm) over two seasons was highest for the 80% SRI ($20.27/ha-cm), while it was lowest for the CF ($12.89/ha-cm). Water saved by converting from the CF to the 80% SRI (1.98 million ha-cm) can support a 50% expansion in the current rice irrigated area in Tanzania. Even without irrigation expansion, the 80% SRI can increase rice production by 1.5 million tons annually while enhancing water availability for industrial and environmental uses (e.g., ecological preserves) and help achieve food security in Tanzania and the greater sub-Saharan Africa.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
SRI yields reached 9.68 tons/ha in the dry season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.68 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
80% SRI yields reached 11.45 tons/ha in the dry season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.45 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI water reached 26% in the dry season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
80% SRI water reached 35% in the dry season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
80% SRI production reached 6.01 tons/ha in the wet season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- yield advantagee0
- Value
- 6.01 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI production reached 5.99 tons/ha in the wet season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- yield advantagee0
- Value
- 5.99 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
80% SRI water savings reached 30% in the wet season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- water savingse0
- Direction
- water savingse0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI water savings reached 14% in the wet season compared with CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe0
- Outcome
- water savingse0
- Direction
- water savingse0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
- Setting
- Tanzaniat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha).”
t0“Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
50% SRI had the lowest yield, 7.48 tons/ha, in the dry season.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% SRIe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 7.48 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- drye0
- Comparator
- alle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50% SRI had lowest yield of all for both seasons, 7.48 tons/ha and 4.99 tons/ha for the dry and wet seasons, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
50% SRI had the lowest yield, 4.99 tons/ha, in the wet season.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% SRIe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 4.99 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- wete0
- Comparator
- alle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50% SRI had lowest yield of all for both seasons, 7.48 tons/ha and 4.99 tons/ha for the dry and wet seasons, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Across two seasons, 80% SRI added 1.57 tons/ha of yield versus CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 1.57 tons/hae0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistically, the 80% SRI treatment outperformed all other treatments over the two seasons with an additional yield of 1.57 tons/ha and 33% (345 mm) water savings compared to the CF.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Across two seasons, 80% SRI saved 33% of water versus CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- water savingse0
- Direction
- savingse0
- Value
- 33% (345 mm)e0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistically, the 80% SRI treatment outperformed all other treatments over the two seasons with an additional yield of 1.57 tons/ha and 33% (345 mm) water savings compared to the CF.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
80% SRI had highest economic water productivity at $20.27/ha-cm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- Economic productivity of watere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $20.27/ha-cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Economic productivity of water (US$/ha-cm) over two seasons was highest for the 80% SRI ($20.27/ha-cm), while it was lowest for the CF ($12.89/ha-cm).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CF had lowest economic water productivity at $12.89/ha-cm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CFe0
- Outcome
- Economic productivity of watere0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- $12.89/ha-cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Economic productivity of water (US$/ha-cm) over two seasons was highest for the 80% SRI ($20.27/ha-cm), while it was lowest for the CF ($12.89/ha-cm).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Converting from CF to 80% SRI could save enough water for 50% expansion of irrigated rice area in Tanzania.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- converting from the CF to the 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- 50% expansion in the current rice irrigated areae0
- Value
- 1.98 million ha-cme0
- Setting
- Tanzaniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water saved by converting from the CF to the 80% SRI (1.98 million ha-cm) can support a 50% expansion in the current rice irrigated area in Tanzania.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors project 80% SRI could raise rice production by 1.5 million tons annually without irrigation expansion.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- rice productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.5 million tons annuallye0
- Setting
- Tanzaniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even without irrigation expansion, the 80% SRI can increase rice production by 1.5 million tons annually while enhancing water availability for industrial and environmental uses (e.g., ecological preserves) and help achieve food security in Tanzania and the greater sub-Saharan Africa.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors project 80% SRI could enhance water availability for industrial and environmental uses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 80% SRIe0
- Outcome
- water availability for industrial and environmental usese0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Setting
- Tanzaniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even without irrigation expansion, the 80% SRI can increase rice production by 1.5 million tons annually while enhancing water availability for industrial and environmental uses (e.g., ecological preserves) and help achieve food security in Tanzania and the greater sub-Saharan Africa.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative
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