Abstract
Manganese is an important essential micronutrient, and its deficiency causes latent health issues in humans. Agronomic biofortification can promisingly improve the plant nutrient concentration without changing the genetic makeup of plants. This study was designed to assess the best method of Mn application to enhance productivity and grain Mn contents under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems. Manganese was delivered through seed coating (250-mg kg−1 seed), osmopriming (0.1-M Mn solution), soil application (1 kg ha−1), and foliar application (0.25-M Mn solution). A general control with no seed Mn application was included, whereas hydropriming and water spray were used as positive control treatments for Mn seed priming and Mn foliar spray, respectively. No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system. Manganese nutrition through various methods significantly enhanced the yield, grain biofortification, and net benefits for CT and NT systems. Averaged across two years, the maximum improvement in grain productivity was recorded with osmopriming (28%) followed by foliar application (26%). The highest grain Mn concentration (29% over no application) was recorded with Mn foliar applications under both tillage systems. Moreover, the highest economic returns and marginal net benefits were recorded with osmopriming. To improve the wheat production, profitability, and grain Mn concentration, Mn application through priming and foliar application may be opted.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage had higher total soil porosity than the conventional tillage system.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage had higher soil organic carbon than the conventional tillage system.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage had higher soil microbial biomass carbon than the conventional tillage system.
- Treatment
- No tillagee1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass carbone1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4%e1
- Comparator
- CT systeme1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage had higher soil nitrogen than the conventional tillage system.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nutrients were reported as higher under no tillage, though the sentence places the comparison in the CT system.
Not reportedTaxon
Schema note from the model: source sentence wording is ambiguous: "in the CT system" may attach to soil nutrients with the opposite direction
Verbatim
e1“No tillage had a higher total soil porosity (9%), soil organic carbon (16%), soil microbial biomass carbon (4%), nitrogen (2%), and soil nutrients in the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese nutrition through various methods enhanced yield, grain biofortification and net benefits of bread wheat under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- Bread Wheat
Triticum aestivumt1 - Treatment
- Manganese nutrition through various methodse2
- Outcome
- yield, grain biofortification, and net benefitse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity”
e2“Manganese nutrition through various methods significantly enhanced the yield, grain biofortification, and net benefits for CT and NT systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming gave the maximum improvement in grain productivity of bread wheat, 28%, followed by foliar application at 26%.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- osmopriminge3
- Outcome
- grain productivitye3
- Direction
- maximum improvemente3
- Value
- 28%e3
- Qualifier
- 26%e3
- Comparator
- foliar applicatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity”
e3“the maximum improvement in grain productivity was recorded with osmopriming (28%) followed by foliar application (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn foliar application gave the highest grain Mn concentration of bread wheat, 29% above no application, under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- Mn foliar applicationse4
- Outcome
- grain Mn concentratione4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 29%e4
- Comparator
- no applicatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity”
e4“The highest grain Mn concentration (29% over no application) was recorded with Mn foliar applications under both tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming gave the highest economic returns and marginal net benefits for bread wheat.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- osmopriminge5
- Outcome
- economic returns and marginal net benefitse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity”
e5“the highest economic returns and marginal net benefits were recorded with osmopriming”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese application through priming and foliar application may be adopted to improve wheat production, profitability and grain Mn concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Outcome
- Mn application through priming and foliar applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“To improve the wheat production, profitability, and grain Mn concentration, Mn application through priming and foliar application may be opted”
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