Abstract
Water is essential for the growth period of crops; however, water unavailability badly affects the growth and physiological attributes of crops, which considerably reduced the yield and yield components in crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar phosphorus (P) on morphological, gas exchange, biochemical traits, and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under normal as well as water deficit situations at the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2014. Two different treatments (control and P @ 8 kg ha−1 ) and four hybrids (Hycorn, 31P41, 65625, and 32B33) of maize were tested by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that the water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control. An increase of 37.1%, 36.8%, and 24.5% were recorded for proline, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acid, respectively. However, foliar P application minimized the negative impact of drought by improving plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUE in maize plants under water stress conditions. Among the hybrids tested, the hybrid 6525 performed better both under stress and non-stress conditions. These outcomes confirmed that the exogenous application of P improved drought stress tolerance by modulating growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUE of maize hybrids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced total soluble protein by 9.7%.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteine0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 9.7%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced photosynthetic rate by 9.4%.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 9.4%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced transpiration rate by 13.4%.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 13.4%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced stomatal conductance by 10.2%.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced internal CO2 rate by 20.4%.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- internal CO2 ratee0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 20.4%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
proline increased by 37.1% under water stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of 37.1%, 36.8%, and 24.5% were recorded for proline, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acid, respectively”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Results showed that the water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
total soluble sugar increased by 36.8% under water stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of 37.1%, 36.8%, and 24.5% were recorded for proline, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acid, respectively”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Results showed that the water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
total free amino acid increased by 24.5% under water stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of 37.1%, 36.8%, and 24.5% were recorded for proline, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acid, respectively”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Results showed that the water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus improved maize growth and biochemical traits under water stress.
- Treatment
- foliar P applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUEe0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- under water stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P application minimized the negative impact of drought by improving plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUE in maize plants under water stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid 6525 performed better under stress and non-stress conditions.
- Material
- 6525e0
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- both under stress and non-stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hybrid 6525 performed better both under stress and non-stress conditions”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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