Abstract
Fertilizer application during sugarcane cultivation is a main source of nitrogen (N) loads to groundwater on small islands in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing the N fertilizer application rate on sugarcane yield, N leaching, and N balance. We conducted a sugarcane cultivation experiment with drainage lysimeters and different N application rates in three cropping seasons (three years). N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons. The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1). N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1). Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers. The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1). However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons. Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1. These results suggest that halving the amount of N used in the first application can improve N fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N loss to groundwater.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing first nitrogen application reduced nitrogen loads in all cropping seasons.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The 195 kg ha−1 N treatment gave slightly lower sugarcane yields than 230 kg ha−1 N in seasons one and three.
Verbatim
e0“The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake was almost the same under the conventional and reduced first fertilizer treatments in seasons one and three.
Verbatim
e0“N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1).”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing first nitrogen application lowered underground nitrogen loads by 0–19 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- reduction of the first N fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- underground amounts of N loadse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0–19 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1).”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero nitrogen in the first fertilization would substantially reduce sugarcane yield in all seasons.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- application of 0 N in the first fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing the conventional first application with T2 improved nitrogen recovery by 9.7–11.9%.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing the conventional first application with T2 reduced nitrogen leaching by 13 kg ha−1.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered T2 a feasible fertilization practice for farmers.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers.”
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