Abstract
Hops are valued for their secondary metabolites, including bitter acids, flavonoids, oils, and polyphenols, that impart flavor in beer. Previous studies have shown that hop yield and bitter acid content decline with increased temperatures and low-water stress. We looked at physiological traits and differential gene expression in leaf, stem, and root tissue from hop (Humulus lupulus) cv. USDA Cascade in plants exposed to high temperature stress, low-water stress, and a compound treatment of both high temperature and low-water stress for six weeks. The stress conditions imposed in these experiments caused substantial changes to the transcriptome, with significant reductions in the expression of numerous genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Of the genes involved in bitter acid production, the critical gene valerophenone synthase (VPS) experienced significant reductions in expression levels across stress treatments, suggesting stress-induced lability in this gene and/or its regulatory elements may be at least partially responsible for previously reported declines in bitter acid content. We also identified a number of transcripts with homology to genes shown to affect abiotic stress tolerance in other plants that may be useful as markers for breeding improved abiotic stress tolerance in hop. Lastly, we provide the first transcriptome from hop root tissue.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Stress conditions caused substantial changes in the hop transcriptome.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The stress conditions imposed in these experiments caused substantial changes to the transcriptome”
t0“hop (Humulus lupulus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress conditions significantly reduced expression of numerous hop genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- hopt0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- expression of numerous genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesise0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“significant reductions in the expression of numerous genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis”
t0“hop (Humulus lupulus L.)”
e1“The stress conditions imposed in these experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Valerophenone synthase expression was significantly reduced across stress treatments.
- Taxon
- hopt0
- Treatment
- stress treatmentse0
- Gene
- valerophenone synthase (VPS)e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the critical gene valerophenone synthase (VPS) experienced significant reductions in expression levels across stress treatments”
t0“hop (Humulus lupulus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified hop transcripts homologous to genes affecting abiotic stress tolerance in other plants.
Verbatim
e0“We also identified a number of transcripts with homology to genes shown to affect abiotic stress tolerance in other plants”
t0“hop (Humulus lupulus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors provide the first hop root transcriptome.
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“we provide the first transcriptome from hop root tissue”
t0“hop (Humulus lupulus L.)”