Abstract
The addition of biochar alters soil habitats and has an active effect on the symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. However, it is still unclear whether this effect alters the strategy of phosphorus uptake by plants. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and biochar addition on plant growth, phosphorus absorption, and rhizosphere Olsen-P supply in maize under two moisture conditions—60% field water capacity (FWC) and 40% FWC. It was found that the addition of biochar increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions. In addition, biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress. In contrast, phosphatase activity and microbial activity were higher in the AMF inoculation treatment than in the biochar addition treatment, and the trend was more significant under water stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations. It was concluded that biochar aids plant uptake of phosphorus mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content, whereas the large mycelium of AMF enhances microbial activity and phosphatase activity, thereby enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake by maize, especially under conditions of water stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize.
- Treatment
- addition of biochare2
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e2symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e2“the addition of biochar increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- addition treatmentse3
- Outcome
- maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e1“pot experiments were conducted”
e3“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved photosynthetic rate, plant height and leaf area of maize.
- Treatment
- addition treatmentse3
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf areae3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e3“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved shoot phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake of maize.
- Treatment
- addition treatmentse3
- Outcome
- shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptakee3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e3“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar had significant effects on maize root morphology under both water conditions.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e4“biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF had significant effects on maize root morphology only under water stress.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e4“biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation gave higher maize phosphatase and microbial activity than biochar addition, more so under water stress.
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation treatmente5
- Interactor
- AMFe5symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphatase activity and microbial activitye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- the trend was more significant under water stresse5
- Comparator
- biochar addition treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e5“phosphatase activity and microbial activity were higher in the AMF inoculation treatment than in the biochar addition treatment, and the trend was more significant under water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity and phosphatase activity in maize were positively correlated.
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree6
- Outcome
- root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activitye6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e6“root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus content and shoot phosphorus content in maize were positively correlated with the other traits.
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree6
- Outcome
- available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus contente6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e6“root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar aids maize phosphorus uptake mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content.
- Treatment
- biochare7
- Outcome
- plant uptake of phosphoruse7
- Qualifier
- regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus contente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e7“biochar aids plant uptake of phosphorus mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content”
Claim · model-written summary
The large AMF mycelium enhances maize microbial and phosphatase activity, enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake, especially under water stress.
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- more efficient phosphorus uptakee7
- Qualifier
- especially under conditions of water stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”
e7“the large mycelium of AMF enhances microbial activity and phosphatase activity, thereby enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake by maize, especially under conditions of water stress”
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