Abstract
Artemisia vulgaris L. produces a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of various concentrations of farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) on β-caryophyllene content in both callus and hairy root (HR) cultures regeneration from leaf explants of A. vulgaris L. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D; 4–13 μM), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 5–16 μM), and FDP (1 and 3 μM) was used for callus induction and HR regeneration from leaf explants of A. vulgaris L. In this study, precursor-treated (2,4D 13.5 μM + FDP 3 μM) callus displayed the highest biomass fresh weight (FW)/dry weight (DW): 46/25 g, followed by NAA 10.7 μM + FDP 3 μM with FW/DW: 50/28 g. Two different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A 4 and R 1000 ) were evaluated for HR induction. The biomass of HRs induced using half-strength MS + B 5 vitamins with 3 μM FDP was FW/DW: 40/20 g and FW/DW: 41/19 g, respectively. To determine β-caryophyllene accumulation, we have isolated the essential oil from FDP-treated calli and HRs and quantified β-caryophyllene using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The highest production of β-caryophyllene was noticed in HR cultures induced using A 4 and R 1000 strains on half-strength MS medium containing 3 μM FDP, which produced 2.92 and 2.80 mg/ml β-caryophyllene, respectively. The optimized protocol can be used commercially by scaling up the production of a β-caryophyllene compound in a short span of time.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Callus treated with 2,4D 13.5 uM + FDP 3 uM had the highest biomass, FW/DW 46/25 g.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.
Artemisia vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- 2,4D 13.5 μM + FDP 3 μMe0
- Outcome
- biomass fresh weight (FW)/dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 46/25 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precursor-treated (2,4D 13.5 μM + FDP 3 μM) callus displayed the highest biomass fresh weight (FW)/dry weight (DW): 46/25 g”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus treated with NAA 10.7 uM + FDP 3 uM had the next highest biomass, FW/DW 50/28 g.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.Artemisia vulgarist0
- Treatment
- NAA 10.7 μM + FDP 3 μMe0
- Outcome
- FW/DWe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 50/28 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by NAA 10.7 μM + FDP 3 μM with FW/DW: 50/28 g”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes strain A4 with 3 uM FDP had biomass FW/DW 40/20 g.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.Artemisia vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 3 μM FDPe0
- Interactor
- A 4e1other
- Outcome
- biomass of HRse0
- Value
- FW/DW: 40/20 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of HRs induced using half-strength MS + B 5 vitamins with 3 μM FDP was FW/DW: 40/20 g and FW/DW: 41/19 g, respectively”
e1“Two different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A 4 and R 1000 )”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes strain R1000 with 3 uM FDP had biomass FW/DW 41/19 g.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.Artemisia vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 3 μM FDPe0
- Interactor
- R 1000e1other
- Outcome
- biomass of HRse0
- Value
- FW/DW: 41/19 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of HRs induced using half-strength MS + B 5 vitamins with 3 μM FDP was FW/DW: 40/20 g and FW/DW: 41/19 g, respectively”
e1“Two different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A 4 and R 1000 )”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest beta-caryophyllene production, 2.92 mg/ml, was in hairy roots induced with strain A4 on half-strength MS with 3 uM FDP.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.Artemisia vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- HR culturese0
- Treatment
- 3 μM FDPe0
- Interactor
- A 4e0other
- Outcome
- highest production of β-caryophyllenee0
- Value
- 2.92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest production of β-caryophyllene was noticed in HR cultures induced using A 4 and R 1000 strains on half-strength MS medium containing 3 μM FDP, which produced 2.92 and 2.80 mg/ml β-caryophyllene, respectively”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest beta-caryophyllene production, 2.80 mg/ml, was in hairy roots induced with strain R1000 on half-strength MS with 3 uM FDP.
- Taxon
- Artemisia vulgaris L.Artemisia vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- HR culturese0
- Treatment
- 3 μM FDPe0
- Interactor
- R 1000e0other
- Outcome
- highest production of β-caryophyllenee0
- Value
- 2.80 mg/mle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest production of β-caryophyllene was noticed in HR cultures induced using A 4 and R 1000 strains on half-strength MS medium containing 3 μM FDP, which produced 2.92 and 2.80 mg/ml β-caryophyllene, respectively”
t0“Artemisia vulgaris L.”