Abstract
The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds (PRB) systems. This is particularly important in arid Northwest China where large volumes of residue are retained on the soil surface after harvest. In Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, a field trial assessed the effects of three typical (powered-chopper, powered-cutter and powered-disc) PRB no-till seeders and one traditional seeder on soil disturbance, residue cover index, bulk density, fuel consumption, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In general, seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB no- till seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots. In PRB cropping system, the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders. However, the results indicated that soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less. This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds. Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment. So powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions. Considering the precision requirements for soil disturbance and residue cover, the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China. Although these results are preliminary, they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till seeders for PRB cropping systems in arid Northwest China.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance compared with the powered-disc and -cutter seeders.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheat
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse4 - Treatment
- powered-chopper seedere1
- Outcome
- mean soil disturbancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- powered-disc and -cutter seederse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e1“the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders”
Claim · model-written summary
The powered-chopper seeder increased residue cover index compared with the powered-disc and -cutter seeders.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- powered-chopper seedere1
- Outcome
- residue cover indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- powered-disc and -cutter seederse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e1“the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedbed conditions and crop performance were better for PRB no-till seeders than for traditional seeding.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- PRB no- till seederse0
- Outcome
- seedbed conditions and crop performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- traditional seeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e0“seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB no- till seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher under the powered-chopper treatment.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 2.3-4.8%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower in the powered-chopper treatment.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 0.2-0.6℃e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% lower in the powered-chopper treatment.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- spring wheat emergencee2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 3.2-4.7%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced emergence was attributed to greater residue cover and firmer seedbeds.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- spring wheat emergencee2
- Qualifier
- greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less”
e3“This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring maize and wheat performance under the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better than under the powered-chopper treatment, but not significantly.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- powered-cutter and -disc treatmentse4
- Outcome
- performancee4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- non-significante4
- Comparator
- powered-chopper treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The powered disc no-till seeder gave the highest yield.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- powered disc no-till seedere5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e5“powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The powered disc no-till seeder is a suitable seeder under heavy residue cover.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- powered disc no-till seedere5
- Outcome
- suitable seedere5
- Qualifier
- heavy residue cover conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e5“powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The powered strip-chopping no-till seeder is a suitable option for PRB cropping systems.
- Taxon
- spring maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse4
- Treatment
- powered strip-chopping no-till seedere6
- Outcome
- suitable option for PRB cropping systeme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better (non-significant) than powered-chopper treatment”
e6“the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China”
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