Abstract
Southern tomato virus (STV) is a persistent virus that was, at the beginning, associated with some tomato fruit disorders. Subsequent studies showed that the virus did not induce apparent symptoms in single infections. Accordingly, the reported symptoms could be induced by the interaction of STV with other viruses, which frequently infect tomato. Here, we studied the effect of STV in co- and triple-infections with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Our results showed complex interactions among these viruses. Co-infections leaded to a synergism between STV and CMV or PepMV: STV increased CMV titer and plant symptoms at early infection stages, whereas PepMV only exacerbated the plant symptoms. CMV and PepMV co-infection showed an antagonistic interaction with a strong decrease of CMV titer and a modification of the plant symptoms with respect to the single infections. However, the presence of STV in a triple-infection abolished this antagonism, restoring the CMV titer and plant symptoms. The siRNAs analysis showed a total of 78 miRNAs, with 47 corresponding to novel miRNAs in tomato, which were expressed differentially in the plants that were infected with these viruses with respect to the control mock-inoculated plants. These miRNAs were involved in the regulation of important functions and their number and expression level varied, depending on the virus combination. The number of vsiRNAs in STV single-infected tomato plants was very small, but STV vsiRNAs increased with the presence of CMV and PepMV. Additionally, the rates of CMV and PepMV vsiRNAs varied depending on the virus combination. The frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomes were not uniform, but they were not influenced by other viruses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
STV increased CMV titer at early infection stages.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- STVe0
- Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Second interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV titere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“STV increased CMV titer and plant symptoms at early infection stages”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
STV increased tomato symptoms at early infection stages with CMV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- STVe0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant symptomse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“STV increased CMV titer and plant symptoms at early infection stages”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV exacerbated tomato symptoms when coinfected with STV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PepMVe0
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant symptomse0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PepMV only exacerbated the plant symptoms”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV and PepMV coinfection strongly decreased CMV titer relative to single infections.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CMV and PepMV co-infectione0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV titere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- single infectionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV and PepMV co-infection showed an antagonistic interaction with a strong decrease of CMV titer and a modification of the plant symptoms with respect to the single infections”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV and PepMV coinfection modified tomato symptoms relative to single infections.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CMV and PepMV co-infectione0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant symptomse0
- Comparator
- single infectionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV and PepMV co-infection showed an antagonistic interaction with a strong decrease of CMV titer and a modification of the plant symptoms with respect to the single infections”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
STV in triple infection restored CMV titer by abolishing the antagonism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- STVe0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV titere0
- Direction
- restoringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“presence of STV in a triple-infection abolished this antagonism, restoring the CMV titer and plant symptoms”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
STV in triple infection restored plant symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- STVe0
- Interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant symptomse0
- Direction
- restoringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“presence of STV in a triple-infection abolished this antagonism, restoring the CMV titer and plant symptoms”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found 78 differentially expressed miRNAs, including 47 novel miRNAs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- miRNAse0
- Value
- 78 miRNAse0
- Qualifier
- 47 corresponding to novel miRNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total of 78 miRNAs, with 47 corresponding to novel miRNAs in tomato, which were expressed differentially in the plants that were infected with these viruses with respect to the control mock-inoculated plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The number and expression level of these miRNAs varied with virus combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- virus combinatione0
- Outcome
- number and expression levele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their number and expression level varied, depending on the virus combination”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
STV vsiRNA abundance was very small in single-infected plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of vsiRNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of vsiRNAs in STV single-infected tomato plants was very small”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
STV vsiRNAs increased in the presence of CMV and PepMV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- STVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- STV vsiRNAse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- PepMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“STV vsiRNAs increased with the presence of CMV and PepMV”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV and PepMV vsiRNA rates varied with virus combination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- virus combinatione0
- Outcome
- rates of CMV and PepMV vsiRNAse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rates of CMV and PepMV vsiRNAs varied depending on the virus combination”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
vsiRNA frequencies were nonuniform across viral genomes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomes were not uniform”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Other viruses did not influence vsiRNA frequency distribution in viral genomes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- other virusese0pathogen
- Outcome
- frequencies of vsiRNAse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomes were not uniform, but they were not influenced by other viruses”
t0“Tomato”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.