Abstract
Understanding the induction of plant defenses against viruses using biocontrol agents is essential for developing new strategies against these pathogens, given the ineffectiveness of chemical treatments. The ability of Trichoderma harzianum, strain T-22 (T22) to control Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme plants and the changes in the physiology of tomato treated/infected with T22/CMV were examined. Plant growth-promoting effects, photosynthetic performance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, and phytohormones were investigated. T22 improved tomato growth in terms of plant height and improved photosynthesis, total chlorophyll content and plant gas exchange. In contrast, CMV induced a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and inhibited the photosynthetic capacity. The analysis of plant hormones demonstrated that treating with T22 before or simultaneously to CMV infection, led to a systemic resistance by jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathways. Conversely, systemic resistance was abscissic acid-dependent when T22 treatment was administered after the CMV infection. In conclusion, the data reported here indicate that the T22-based strategy may be the most effective measure against CMV.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
T22 improved tomato plant height.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- T22e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum T-22
Trichoderma harzianumt0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T22 improved tomato growth in terms of plant height”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum T-22”
Claim · model-written summary
T22 improved tomato photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- T22e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum T-22Trichoderma harzianumt0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, total chlorophyll content and plant gas exchangee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T22 improved tomato growth in terms of plant height and improved photosynthesis, total chlorophyll content and plant gas exchange”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum T-22”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV reduced tomato dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CMVe0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic virus
cucumber mosaic cucumovirust0pathogen - Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV induced a negative effect on dry matter accumulation”
t0“Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV inhibited tomato photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CMVe0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic viruscucumber mosaic cucumovirust0pathogen
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV induced a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and inhibited the photosynthetic capacity”
t0“Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
T22 before or simultaneous with CMV infection elicited systemic resistance through jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid signaling.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T22 before or simultaneously to CMV infectione0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic viruscucumber mosaic cucumovirust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum T-22Trichoderma harzianumt0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee0
- Qualifier
- jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treating with T22 before or simultaneously to CMV infection, led to a systemic resistance by jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathways”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Induces Systemic Resistance in Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
T22 after CMV infection elicited abscissic acid dependent systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T22 treatmente0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic viruscucumber mosaic cucumovirust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum T-22Trichoderma harzianumt0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee0
- Qualifier
- abscissic acid-dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“systemic resistance was abscissic acid-dependent when T22 treatment was administered after the CMV infection”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Induces Systemic Resistance in Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a T22 strategy against CMV as potentially the most effective measure.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic viruscucumber mosaic cucumovirust0pathogen
- Outcome
- T22-based strategy may be the most effective measure against CMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T22-based strategy may be the most effective measure against CMV”
t0“Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus”
The same questions in other papers
Cucumis sativus · cucumber mosaic cucumovirus · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.