Abstract
Aims This paper explores soil types to suit the development of root system and improve the yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Methods We used the method of box-planted cultivation to study the effects of different soil textures, i.e., sandy, loam and clay soils, on the development and distribution of root system and yield of peanut. Important findings Root dry matter weight of peanut in sandy and loam soils was higher significantly than in clay soil; however, in the later growth stage, the decrease of root dry matter weight of peanut in clay soil is relative slow compared with peanut in loam and sandy soil. In clay soil, the root system of peanut was mainly distributed in the shallow soil layer, but the decrease of root activity in the upper layers was much slower in the late growth period. Sandy soil was helpful for the root system of peanut to grow to the deeper soil layer, but the decrease of root activity in the surface layers was faster in the later growth period. The effects of loam soil on the spatial and temporal distribution of the development and activity of peanut roots were between sandy and clay soil. Sandy soil favored enlargement of the peanut pod, and the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in sandy soil was earlier and faster, but the dry matter accumulation in the later growth period was less in sandy soil. In loam soil, the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod was mainly concentrated in middle and later periods, while clay soil was not suitable for the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in the entire growth period. The pod yield, kernel yield and available pod number were largest in loam soil, second in sandy soil and lowest in clay soil. Results suggested that loam soil, with mid-levels of aeration and water and fertilizer conservation among the three soil textures, was most suitable for the growth and yield of peanut.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry matter weight of peanut was significantly higher in sandy and loam soils than in clay soil.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- sandy and loam soilse1
- Outcome
- Root dry matter weighte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- clay soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“Root dry matter weight of peanut in sandy and loam soils was higher significantly than in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In the later growth stage, the decrease of root dry matter weight of peanut was slower in clay soil than in loam and sandy soils.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- clay soile1
- Outcome
- decrease of root dry matter weighte1
- Direction
- slowe1
- Comparator
- loam and sandy soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“in the later growth stage, the decrease of root dry matter weight of peanut in clay soil is relative slow compared with peanut in loam and sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay soil, the root system of peanut was mainly distributed in the shallow soil layer.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- root systeme1
- Treatment
- clay soile1
- Outcome
- mainly distributede1
- Qualifier
- shallow soil layere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“In clay soil, the root system of peanut was mainly distributed in the shallow soil layer, but the decrease of root activity in the upper layers was much slower in the late growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay soil, the decrease of root activity in the upper layers was slower in the late growth period.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- clay soile1
- Outcome
- decrease of root activity in the upper layerse1
- Direction
- slowere1
- Qualifier
- late growth periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“In clay soil, the root system of peanut was mainly distributed in the shallow soil layer, but the decrease of root activity in the upper layers was much slower in the late growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy soil was helpful for the root system of peanut to grow to the deeper soil layer.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sandy soile1
- Outcome
- grow to the deeper soil layere1
- Direction
- helpfule1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“Sandy soil was helpful for the root system of peanut to grow to the deeper soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy soil favored enlargement of the peanut pod.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Sandy soile1
- Outcome
- enlargement of the peanut pode1
- Direction
- favorede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“Sandy soil favored enlargement of the peanut pod, and the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in sandy soil was earlier and faster”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in sandy soil was earlier and faster.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- sandy soile1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation of peanut pode1
- Direction
- earlier and fastere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“Sandy soil favored enlargement of the peanut pod, and the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in sandy soil was earlier and faster”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation in the later growth period was less in sandy soil.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- sandy soile1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation in the later growth periode1
- Direction
- lesse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“but the dry matter accumulation in the later growth period was less in sandy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In loam soil, dry matter accumulation of peanut pod was mainly concentrated in middle and later periods.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- loam soile1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation of peanut pode1
- Qualifier
- mainly concentrated in middle and later periodse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“In loam soil, the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod was mainly concentrated in middle and later periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay soil was not suitable for dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in the entire growth period.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- clay soile1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation of peanut pode1
- Qualifier
- in the entire growth periode1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“while clay soil was not suitable for the dry matter accumulation of peanut pod in the entire growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod yield, kernel yield and available pod number were largest in loam soil, second in sandy soil and lowest in clay soil.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- loam soile1
- Outcome
- pod yield, kernel yield and available pod numbere1
- Direction
- largeste1
- Comparator
- clay soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“The pod yield, kernel yield and available pod number were largest in loam soil, second in sandy soil and lowest in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest loam soil, with mid-levels of aeration and water and fertilizer conservation, is most suitable for the growth and yield of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- most suitable for the growth and yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in peanut”
e1“loam soil, with mid-levels of aeration and water and fertilizer conservation among the three soil textures, was most suitable for the growth and yield of peanut”