Abstract
The molecular basis of Trichoderma -plant interaction is very complex and still not completely understood. The colonization of the root system by rhizosphere competent strains of Trichoderma results in increased development of root/aerial systems, in improved yields and in plant disease control.Other beneficial effects, such as the induction of plant systemic resistance, have also been described.To understand the mechanisms involved we are using different approaches, including the making of transformants expressing genes that encode for compounds able to affect plant response to pathogens.Trichoderma transformants carrying the avirulence gene Avr4 from Cladosporium fulvum under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters were obtained and tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene. Necrosis and suberification zones, similar to the symptoms appearing during Cladosporium-tomato interaction, were found when the roots of the Cf4 plants were treated with Avr4-Trichoderma. This demonstrates that selected Trichoderma strains are able to transfer to the plant molecules that may deeply affect metabolism, disease resistance etc. Therefore, these beneficial fungi can be regarded as biotechnological tools to provide a variety of crops with useful compounds.Moreover, in in vitro competition assays the transformants were found to be more effective as antagonists against Alternaria alternata than the wild type. Trichoderma sends a variety of biochemical signals to the plants including avirulence molecules; therefore the presence of avr-like proteins in the fungus proteome was investigated. Proteome analysis has permitted us to isolate and sequence many proteins potentially having this function. From the extraeellular protein extracts, we have purified and sequenced a protein with structural characteristics similar to Avr4 of C. fulvum.The protein, Hytra1, was found to be a hydrophobin with chitin binding activity, the typical 8cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridges. Infiltrations of the extracellular pro
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Avr4-Trichoderma treatment of Cf4 tomato roots produced necrosis and suberification zones.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Avr4-Trichodermae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Gene
- Cf4 resistance genee1
- Outcome
- Necrosis and suberification zonese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Necrosis and suberification zones, similar to the symptoms appearing during Cladosporium-tomato interaction, were found when the roots of the Cf4 plants were treated with Avr4-Trichoderma”
e1“tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected Trichoderma strains can transfer molecules affecting plant metabolism and resistance.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- metabolism, disease resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selected Trichoderma strains are able to transfer to the plant molecules that may deeply affect metabolism, disease resistance etc”
Claim · model-written summary
Transformants were more antagonistic against Alternaria alternata than wild type in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- transformantse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonists against Alternaria alternatae0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in in vitro competition assays the transformants were found to be more effective as antagonists against Alternaria alternata than the wild type”
e1“tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene”
e2“Trichoderma transformants carrying the avirulence gene Avr4”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteome analysis isolated and sequenced proteins potentially resembling avirulence proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- many proteins potentially having this functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteome analysis has permitted us to isolate and sequence many proteins potentially having this function”
t0“tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Hytra1 was identified as a chitin-binding hydrophobin with eight cysteines and four disulfide bridges.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Hytra1e0
- Outcome
- hydrophobin with chitin binding activitye0
- Qualifier
- the typical 8cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridgese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein, Hytra1, was found to be a hydrophobin with chitin binding activity, the typical 8cysteine residues, and 4 disulfide bridges”
t0“tested on tomato plants having the Cf4 resistance gene”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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