Abstract
One of the most pressing issues surrounding transgenic oilseed rape cultivation is the potential impact of GM genes entering neighboring non-GM oilseed rape plants,related weeds or closely related wild relatives.Following the principle of a case-by-case for transgenic crop safety assessment,we designed experiments to study pollen-mediated gene flow from herbicide-resistant transgenic oilseed rape to Chinese commercial varieties.The pollen dispersal was detected as the progeny of recipient plants that were identified as glufosinate resistant.The results indicated that pollen dispersal occurred up to 2000 m and its rate sharply decreased as the distance from the pollen source increased.However,the rate of long-distance pollen dispersal from 33 to 2000 m was less than 0.015% and did not present a gradual decrease,indicating the randomization of dispersal and pollination.Most pollen dispersed within a 4.5 m area around the transgenic pollen source plot,with a maximum of 1.19% at the sampling site of 1.4 m.Wind direction significantly affected the direction and the distance of pollen dispersal,resulting in the more and farther dispersal in southwest direction.However,the number of potentially pollinating bees was not correlated with direction and distance from the pollen source plot,suggesting that bee density and distribution would not contribute to the differences in pollen dispersal among different directions.This paper is the first report on research in a large-scale experiment of pollen-mediated gene flow un-der the China’s environmental conditions and provided scientific evidence for the effective commer-cialization of transgenic oilseed rape and its safe management.Our results also provided important data on pollen spatial distribution pattern.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen dispersal reached 2000 m.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Outcome
- pollen dispersale0
- Value
- 2000 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“pollen dispersal occurred up to 2000 m”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen dispersal rate sharply decreased with distance from the source.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- ratee0
- Direction
- sharply decreasede0
- Setting
- distance from the pollen sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its rate sharply decreased as the distance from the pollen source increased”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-distance pollen dispersal from 33 to 2000 m was below 0.015%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- rate of long-distance pollen dispersale0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 0.015%e0
- Qualifier
- from 33 to 2000 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of long-distance pollen dispersal from 33 to 2000 m was less than 0.015%”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The long-distance dispersal rate did not gradually decrease.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- gradual decreasee0
- Direction
- did not presente0
- Qualifier
- randomization of dispersal and pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not present a gradual decrease,indicating the randomization of dispersal and pollination”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pollen dispersed within 4.5 m of the source.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- pollen dispersede0
- Value
- 4.5 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most pollen dispersed within a 4.5 m area around the transgenic pollen source plot”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum dispersal was 1.19% at 1.4 m.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- maximume0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.19%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.4 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a maximum of 1.19% at the sampling site of 1.4 m”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wind direction significantly affected dispersal direction and distance, with greater and farther dispersal southwest.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- direction and the distance of pollen dispersale0
- Direction
- more and farthere0
- Qualifier
- Wind directione0
- Setting
- southwest directione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wind direction significantly affected the direction and the distance of pollen dispersal,resulting in the more and farther dispersal in southwest direction”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potentially pollinating bee numbers did not correlate with dispersal direction or distance.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae0pollinator
- Outcome
- direction and distance from the pollen source plote0
- Direction
- not correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of potentially pollinating bees was not correlated with direction and distance from the pollen source plot”
t0“canola(Brassica napus)”