Abstract
The neem tree has a recognized insecticidal activity against insects that damage several crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of neem exctracts and application methods on the damage and development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae on maize. Two experiments were carried out at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, under greenhouse conditions. Maize leaves were sprayed varying the neem extracts, sprayer nozzles, concentration and number of application. In the first experiment, the results showed the smallest damage to chlorpyrifos (2.00) and for the aqueous extracts from neem leaves (2.50) applied three times through flat nozzles. The commercial extract did not protect maize leaves from larval damage (7.22 to 7.90). The larval development showed consistent with the low leaves damage, resulting in the low larval weight (97.41 mg). In the second experiment, the smallest leaves damage (2.62and 2.65) were observed in three applications of the aqueous extract, using 80.01/80.04/ 80.01 nozzles, 10,000 and 7,500 ppm, respectively. The highest extract concentration provided low larval weight (60.21 mg). In conclusion, the three applications of neem leaves extract (10,000 ppm), using 80.01/80.04/80.01 nozzles, is most effective to protect maize from fall armyworm damage. All the extract concentrations evaluated affect the larval development.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos produced the smallest maize leaf damage score, 2.00.
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdat0pest - Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 2.00e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the smallest damage to chlorpyrifos (2.00)”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of aqueous neem leaf extract through flat nozzles gave a leaf damage score of 2.50.
- Treatment
- aqueous extracts from neem leavese0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 2.50e0
- Qualifier
- applied three times through flat nozzlese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the smallest damage to chlorpyrifos (2.00) and for the aqueous extracts from neem leaves (2.50) applied three times through flat nozzles”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial extract did not protect maize leaves from larval damage, scored 7.22 to 7.90.
- Treatment
- commercial extracte0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- larval damagee0
- Direction
- did not protecte0
- Value
- 7.22 to 7.90e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial extract did not protect maize leaves from larval damage (7.22 to 7.90)”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
Low maize leaf damage corresponded to low larval weight of 97.41 mg.
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- larval weighte0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 97.41 mge0
- Comparator
- low leaves damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The larval development showed consistent with the low leaves damage, resulting in the low larval weight (97.41 mg)”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of aqueous extract at 10,000 ppm produced leaf damage of 2.62.
- Treatment
- three applications of the aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- leaves damagee0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 2.62e0
- Qualifier
- 10,000e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the smallest leaves damage (2.62and 2.65) were observed in three applications of the aqueous extract, using 80.01/80.04/ 80.01 nozzles, 10,000 and 7,500 ppm, respectively”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of aqueous extract at 7,500 ppm produced leaf damage of 2.65.
- Treatment
- three applications of the aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- leaves damagee0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 2.65e0
- Qualifier
- 7,500 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the smallest leaves damage (2.62and 2.65) were observed in three applications of the aqueous extract, using 80.01/80.04/ 80.01 nozzles, 10,000 and 7,500 ppm, respectively”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest extract concentration gave low larval weight of 60.21 mg.
- Treatment
- highest extract concentratione0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- larval weighte0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 60.21 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest extract concentration provided low larval weight (60.21 mg)”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of neem leaf extract at 10,000 ppm were judged most effective against maize damage.
- Treatment
- three applications of neem leaves extract (10,000 ppm)e0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- most effective to protect maize from fall armyworm damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three applications of neem leaves extract (10,000 ppm), using 80.01/80.04/80.01 nozzles, is most effective to protect maize from fall armyworm damage”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested extract concentrations affected larval development.
- Treatment
- extract concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- larval developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the extract concentrations evaluated affect the larval development”
t0“Spodoptera frugiperda, on maize”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Azadirachta indica · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →botanical · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
48 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.