Abstract
Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China. Dry direct seeding (DDS) has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment. However, few studies have examined the performance of early-season indica rice under mechanical dry direct seeding. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two indica rice cultivars (i.e., Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhuliangyou 819) to study lodging characteristics and grain yield formation under DDS, flooded direct seeding (FDS) and wet direct seeding (WDS) patterns. The results showed that the annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34% for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58% for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS, respectively, and these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles. The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars, and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate. Meanwhile, shorter basal internodes, better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS. In particular, DDS improved the stem lodging resistance. Our results suggested that the appropriate direct seeding method was beneficial for improving the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
DDS increased ZLY819 yield by 14.42–26.34% relative to WDS and FDS.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- ZLY819e0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.42–26.34%e0
- Comparator
- WDS and FDSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34% for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58% for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS increased ZJZ17 yield by 6.64–24.58% relative to WDS and FDS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ZJZ17e0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- annual grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.64–24.58%e0
- Comparator
- WDS and FDSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34% for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58% for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle improvement mainly accounted for higher DDS yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- paniclese0
- Outcome
- these increasese0
- Qualifier
- improvement of the paniclese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS significantly increased seedling emergence rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DDS patterne0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS increased dry weight and growth rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- total dry weight and crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars, and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS produced shorter basal internodes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- basal internodese0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- FDS and WDSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shorter basal internodes, better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS improved stem diameter and wall thickness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- stem diameter and stem wall thicknesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- FDS and WDSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS lowered lodging index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DDS improved stem lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DDSe0
- Outcome
- stem lodging resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DDS improved the stem lodging resistance.”
t0“rice”
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