Abstract
The article presents generalized scientific researches and experimental data on the bioecological peculiarities of the North American species of the Juglans L. genus. The peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of development are revealed. Juglans cinerea L., J. rupestris Engelm. and J. major (Torr.) A. Heller were the first to wake up and J. nigra L., J. californica S. Wats., and J. hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E. Sm. wake up a little later. The biorhythm of woody plants is closely related to the increase in the sum of active (+10°C) and effective (+5°C) temperatures. Juglans cinerea and J. rupestris require the smallest sum of effective temperatures for buds swelling, that is 28.9 and 34.1°C, respectively; J. hindsii require the largest sum of effective temperatures -57.1°C and J. nigra require 50.6°C. Investigation of growth dynamics shows that intensive growth of all species of the Juglans genus was observed in May-June. The vegetation period in all Juglans species lasts 183-206 days. The development cycle of North American walnuts under research conditions is shifted towards the summer-autumn period. When determining frost resistance, it was found that the species are characterized by an average degree of subfreezing. All species genus are promising for use in ornamental horticulture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as evidenced by the full acclimatization of J. nigra and J. cinerea, good acclimatization of J. rupestris and J. major and satisfactory acclimatization of J. сalifornica and J. hindsii. It is established that J. nigra are promising for the development of highly productive forest plantations.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Juglans cinerea, J. rupestris and J. major woke first.
- Taxon
- Juglans cinerea L.
Juglans cinereae0 - Outcome
- first to wake upe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Juglans cinerea L., J. rupestris Engelm. and J. major (Torr.) A. Heller were the first to wake up”
Claim · model-written summary
J. nigra, J. californica and J. hindsii woke later.
- Taxon
- J. nigra L.
Juglans nigrae0 - Outcome
- wake up a little latere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J. nigra L., J. californica S. Wats., and J. hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E. Sm. wake up a little later.”
Claim · model-written summary
Woody plant biorhythm was related to increasing active and effective temperature sums.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The biorhythm of woody plants is closely related to the increase in the sum of active (+10°C) and effective (+5°C) temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Juglans cinerea needed an effective temperature sum of 28.9 for bud swelling, among the smallest sums.
- Taxon
- Juglans cinereaJuglans cinereae0
- Outcome
- sum of effective temperatures for buds swellinge0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Value
- 28.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Juglans cinerea and J. rupestris require the smallest sum of effective temperatures for buds swelling, that is 28.9 and 34.1°C, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
J. rupestris needed 34.1°C effective temperature for bud swelling, among the smallest sums.
Verbatim
e0“Juglans cinerea and J. rupestris require the smallest sum of effective temperatures for buds swelling, that is 28.9 and 34.1°C, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
J. hindsii needed the largest effective temperature sum for bud swelling, 57.1°C.
- Taxon
- J. hindsii
Juglans hindsiie0 - Outcome
- sum of effective temperaturese0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 57.1°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J. hindsii require the largest sum of effective temperatures -57.1°C”
Claim · model-written summary
J. nigra required 50.6°C of effective temperature.
- Taxon
- J. nigraJuglans nigrae0
- Outcome
- requiree0
- Value
- 50.6°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J. nigra require 50.6°C”
Claim · model-written summary
All Juglans species grew intensively in May-June.
JuglansOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intensive growth of all species of the Juglans genus was observed in May-June.”
Claim · model-written summary
The vegetation period of Juglans species lasted 183-206 days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetation period in all Juglans species lasts 183-206 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
North American walnut development shifted toward summer-autumn.
Verbatim
e0“The development cycle of North American walnuts under research conditions is shifted towards the summer-autumn period.”
Claim · model-written summary
Juglans species showed an average degree of subfreezing.
Verbatim
e0“the species are characterized by an average degree of subfreezing.”
t0“Juglans L.”
Claim · model-written summary
J. nigra and J. cinerea fully acclimatized.
- Taxon
- J. nigraJuglans nigrae0
- Outcome
- full acclimatizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full acclimatization of J. nigra and J. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
J. rupestris and J. major acclimatized well.
Verbatim
e0“good acclimatization of J. rupestris and J. major”
Claim · model-written summary
J. сalifornica and J. hindsii acclimatized satisfactorily.
Verbatim
e0“satisfactory acclimatization of J. сalifornica and J. hindsii”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered all species promising for ornamental horticulture in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Verbatim
e0“All species genus are promising for use in ornamental horticulture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine”
t0“Juglans L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered J. nigra promising for productive forest plantations.
- Taxon
- J. nigraJuglans nigrae0
- Outcome
- development of highly productive forest plantationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J. nigra are promising for the development of highly productive forest plantations.”