Abstract
Common bunt is one of the most important diseases in winter wheat, and one of the most intensively pesticide treated diseases in regions, where this pathogen occurs. When pesticides are not used in seed propagation, i.e. in organic agriculture, this disease is normally a serious problem. EM1 (Effective Microorganisms) is a product used in Kyusei Nature Farming, containing a bunch of different microorganisms against various fungal plant diseases. In order to develop methods to diminish pesticide use, and to improve organic agriculture, the potential of EM to regulate this pathogen was investigated. In 1996 seeds contaminated with teleutospores of Tilletia tritici were treated with two levels of EM1, two levels of acetic acid and two levels of milk powder. A combination of EM1 and milk powder were tested as well. EM1 had a significant effect on disease rate (87.6% reduction) when applied in high dosages (150ml/kg seed), but in this dose germination vigour and field emergence were also negatively affected. The use of the same dose of autoclaved EM1 had almost the same effect on disease rate and germination vigour. This might indicate, that the causative agent in the EM1 product are not the effective microorganisms themselfs, but the metabolites of the organisms, most probably lactic acid. Using acetic acid (1.22M, 30ml/kg) it was possible to get a better control of the pathogen with no significant harm to germination. Based on these trials it can be concluded, that EM1 is not an optimal control agent against common bunt. However the use of EM1 did reduce the disease rate, and this can therefore be a positive side-effect if EM1 is used as a seed treatment for other reasons.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose EM1 reduced common bunt disease rate by 87.6%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- EM1e0
- Interactor
- Tilletia tritici
_Tul._%26_C._Tul..JPG?width=60)
Tilletia cariest1pathogen - Outcome
- disease ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 87.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 150ml/kg seede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Tul._%26_C._Tul..JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“EM1 had a significant effect on disease rate (87.6% reduction) when applied in high dosages (150ml/kg seed)”
t0“in wheat”
t1“common bunt (Tilletia tritici)”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose EM1 negatively affected germination vigour and field emergence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high dosages (150ml/kg seed)e1
- Outcome
- germination vigour and field emergencee0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in this dose germination vigour and field emergence were also negatively affected”
e1“high dosages (150ml/kg seed)”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved EM1 produced almost the same reduction in disease rate as EM1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- autoclaved EM1e0
- Interactor
- Tilletia triticiTilletia cariest1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease ratee0
- Direction
- almost the same effecte0
- Comparator
- EM1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of the same dose of autoclaved EM1 had almost the same effect on disease rate and germination vigour”
t0“in wheat”
t1“common bunt (Tilletia tritici)”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved EM1 had almost the same effect on germination vigour as EM1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- autoclaved EM1e0
- Outcome
- germination vigoure0
- Direction
- almost the same effecte0
- Comparator
- EM1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of the same dose of autoclaved EM1 had almost the same effect on disease rate and germination vigour”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid achieved better pathogen control without significant germination harm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1.22M, 30ml/kg)e0
- Interactor
- Tilletia triticiTilletia cariest1pathogen
- Outcome
- control of the pathogene0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using acetic acid (1.22M, 30ml/kg) it was possible to get a better control of the pathogen with no significant harm to germination”
t0“in wheat”
t1“common bunt (Tilletia tritici)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid caused no significant harm to germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1.22M, 30ml/kg)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no significant harme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using acetic acid (1.22M, 30ml/kg) it was possible to get a better control of the pathogen with no significant harm to germination”
t0“in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude EM1 is not an optimal common bunt control agent.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Tilletia triticiTilletia cariest1pathogen
- Outcome
- not an optimal control agent against common bunte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EM1 is not an optimal control agent against common bunt”
t0“in wheat”
t1“common bunt (Tilletia tritici)”
The same questions in other papers
acetic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →acetic acid · Tilletia caries · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.