Abstract
Abstract The water potential gradient between a planted seed and the surrounding soil largely controls water absorption by the seed. Salinity of soil water affects this balance, which in turn lowers germination and seedling growth. Overcoming the inhibition of water intake by presoaking and the use of auxins and gibberellins has been shown to be advantageous for certain crops,but studies with wheat are limited. This approach constitutes the objectives of this investigation. The effects of presoaking wheat seeds in 10, 20, 50, and 100 ppm each of GA, IBA, IAA, and NAA at O, 3, 6, and 9 atm osmotic pressure on seedling development were observed. Auxins had little influence on emergence at 0 atm but promoted emergence at 3, 6, and 9 atm. Three‐indole acetic acid (IAA) and α — naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50 ppm produced maximum shoot length, whereas gibberellic acid (GA) and three‐indole‐butyric acid (IBA) gave better results at 100 ppm. Increased concentrations of GA and NAA significantly reduced primary root length, whereas IAA increased root length. All hormones increased proliferation of lateral roots, but auxins produced more lateral roots at all salinity levels. Root/shoot ratio was decreased by NAA and GA. Water absorption was increased by all treatments. IAA and NAA at 50 ppm gave the better results. The data support the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of hormones may be the result of increased water absorption, which improves plant growth even under high salt concentrations in the growth medium.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins had little influence on wheat emergence at 0 atm osmotic pressure.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Auxinse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- little influencee0
- Qualifier
- 0 atme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxins had little influence on emergence at 0 atm”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins promoted wheat emergence at 3, 6, and 9 atm osmotic pressure.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Auxinse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 3, 6, and 9 atme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxins had little influence on emergence at 0 atm but promoted emergence at 3, 6, and 9 atm”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA at 50 ppm produced maximum wheat shoot length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Three‐indole acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 50 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three‐indole acetic acid (IAA) and α — naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50 ppm produced maximum shoot length”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 50 ppm produced maximum wheat shoot length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- α — naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three‐indole acetic acid (IAA) and α — naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50 ppm produced maximum shoot length”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA gave better wheat shoot length results at 100 ppm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA)e0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 100 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid (GA) and three‐indole‐butyric acid (IBA) gave better results at 100 ppm”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA gave better wheat shoot length results at 100 ppm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- three‐indole‐butyric acid (IBA)e0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 100 ppme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid (GA) and three‐indole‐butyric acid (IBA) gave better results at 100 ppm”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing GA concentrations significantly reduced wheat primary root length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- primary root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased concentrations of GA and NAA significantly reduced primary root length”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NAA concentrations significantly reduced wheat primary root length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- primary root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased concentrations of GA and NAA significantly reduced primary root length”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased wheat root length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA increased root length”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested hormones increased wheat lateral root proliferation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All hormonese0
- Outcome
- proliferation of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All hormones increased proliferation of lateral roots”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins produced more wheat lateral roots at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- lateral rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- all salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxins produced more lateral roots at all salinity levels”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased the wheat root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Root/shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root/shoot ratio was decreased by NAA and GA”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA decreased the wheat root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- Root/shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root/shoot ratio was decreased by NAA and GA”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments increased wheat water absorption.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Water absorptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water absorption was increased by all treatments”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA at 50 ppm gave the better wheat results overall.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 50 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA and NAA at 50 ppm gave the better results”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 50 ppm gave the better wheat results overall.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NAA at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA and NAA at 50 ppm gave the better results”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest hormone benefits may result from increased water absorption, improving wheat growth under high salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hormonese0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- increased water absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the beneficial effects of hormones may be the result of increased water absorption, which improves plant growth even under high salt concentrations in the growth medium”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
acetic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →class · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
94 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
105 papers more in this group
See all 109 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.