Abstract
Improvements in grain yield and nitrogen (N)-use efficiency (NUE) are being sought to combat the excessive application of N fertilizer in the rice-wheat rotation system in China. Improving N-uptake efficiency (NUpE) is expected to explore the synergy of grain yield and NUE, but the accumulation and remobilization of N in wheat with high NUpE is still obscure. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study how to improve NUpE through crop management of planting densities, N application splits, and wheat growth stages when the last N was topdressed. In both years, NUpE was significantly positively related to grain yield and NUE. Comparing with the low and medium NUpE groups (grouping the treatments using cluster analysis of NUpE), the high NUpE group had more total N accumulation as a result of absorbing abundant N from re-greening (Zadoks growth stage, GS25) to anthesis (GS60), and higher N accumulation in grains mainly due to increasing N remobilization from the vegetative organs. Our results indicated that improving the planting density (from 150 to 225 plants m−2) promoted N accumulation before stem elongation (GS30). Late application of more N fertilizers (N application splits 3:1:3:3 versus 5:1:2:2) and relatively early application of the last N portion [topdressing when the flag leaf was visible (GS37) or at booting (GS45) versus topdressing at heading (GS55) or anthesis] boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis. Finally, a combination of agronomic measures was proposed to achieve high yield and NUE through promoting pre-anthesis N accumulation and NUpE.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In both years NUpE was positively related to grain yield and NUE in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- grain yield and NUEe3
- Direction
- positively relatede3
- Qualifier
- In both yearse3
- Setting
- field experimente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e2“A 2-year field experiment was conducted”
e3“In both years, NUpE was significantly positively related to grain yield and NUE”
Claim · model-written summary
The high NUpE group had more total N accumulation than the low and medium NUpE groups, from re-greening to anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- from re-greening (Zadoks growth stage, GS25) to anthesis (GS60)e4
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- low and medium NUpE groupse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e4“Comparing with the low and medium NUpE groups (grouping the treatments using cluster analysis of NUpE), the high NUpE group had more total N accumulation as a result of absorbing abundant N from re-greening (Zadoks growth stage, GS25) to anthesis (GS60), and higher N accumulation in grains mainly due to increasing N remobilization from the vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
The high NUpE group had higher N accumulation in grains than the low and medium NUpE groups, mainly due to increased N remobilization from the vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse4
- Outcome
- N accumulation in grainse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- mainly due to increasing N remobilization from the vegetative organse4
- Comparator
- low and medium NUpE groupse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e4“Comparing with the low and medium NUpE groups (grouping the treatments using cluster analysis of NUpE), the high NUpE group had more total N accumulation as a result of absorbing abundant N from re-greening (Zadoks growth stage, GS25) to anthesis (GS60), and higher N accumulation in grains mainly due to increasing N remobilization from the vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting density from 150 to 225 plants m−2 promoted N accumulation before stem elongation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- before stem elongation (GS30)e5
- Treatment
- planting density (from 150 to 225 plants m−2)e5
- Outcome
- N accumulatione5
- Direction
- promotede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e5“Our results indicated that improving the planting density (from 150 to 225 plants m−2) promoted N accumulation before stem elongation (GS30)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late application of more N fertilizer (splits 3:1:3:3 versus 5:1:2:2) boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- from stem elongation to anthesise6
- Treatment
- N application splits 3:1:3:3e5
- Outcome
- N accumulatione6
- Direction
- boostede6
- Comparator
- 5:1:2:2e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e5“Late application of more N fertilizers (N application splits 3:1:3:3 versus 5:1:2:2)”
e6“boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Relatively early topdressing of the last N portion (flag leaf visible or booting) boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis in wheat compared with topdressing at heading or anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- from stem elongation to anthesise7
- Treatment
- topdressing when the flag leaf was visible (GS37) or at booting (GS45)e7
- Outcome
- N accumulatione7
- Direction
- boostede7
- Comparator
- topdressing at heading (GS55) or anthesise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e7“relatively early application of the last N portion [topdressing when the flag leaf was visible (GS37) or at booting (GS45) versus topdressing at heading (GS55) or anthesis] boosted N accumulation from stem elongation to anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a combination of agronomic measures to achieve high yield and NUE in wheat through promoting pre-anthesis N accumulation and NUpE.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- a combination of agronomic measurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promoting pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wheat”
e0“Finally, a combination of agronomic measures was proposed to achieve high yield and NUE through promoting pre-anthesis N accumulation and NUpE”
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