Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. is a major weed infesting many summer vegetable crops in Punjab. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different environmental factors viz., temperature, light, salinity, pH, moisture stress and seed burial depth on germination and early seedling growth of this weed. The effect of different pre-emergence herbicides on emergence of P. oleracea was also studied. Untreated control seeds of this weed were dormant and exhibited 27% germination. Soaking of seeds in 1000 ppm GA for 24 hrs was most effective in overcoming seed dormancy. Optimum temperature required for germination of P. oleracea was 30°C. Germination of this weed was found to be independent of light, thus it can emerge under tree and crop canopies in both non-cropped and cropped areas. Germination decreased with increase in NaCl concentration from 0 to 250 mM and was inhibited by 50% at 163.56 mM NaCl. Germination also decreased with decrease in osmotic potential from 0 to -0.8 MPa and 50% inhibition of germination was recorded at -0.51 MPa. P. oleracea was able to germinate over a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5. Seedling emergence decreased with increase in seed burial depth and no emergence was observed when seeds were buried at soil depth greater than 2 cm. Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated seeds were dormant and germinated at 27%.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.
Portulaca oleraceat0 - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- dormante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated control seeds of this weed were dormant and exhibited 27% germination.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1000 ppm GA soak for 24 hours was most effective at overcoming dormancy.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Soaking of seeds in 1000 ppm GA for 24 hrse0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking of seeds in 1000 ppm GA for 24 hrs was most effective in overcoming seed dormancy.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum germination temperature was 30°C.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Outcome
- Optimum temperature required for germinatione0
- Value
- 30°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum temperature required for germination of P. oleracea was 30°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination was independent of light.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- independent of lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of this weed was found to be independent of light, thus it can emerge under tree and crop canopies in both non-cropped and cropped areas.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased as NaCl increased from 0 to 250 mM.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration from 0 to 250 mMe0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination decreased with increase in NaCl concentration from 0 to 250 mM and was inhibited by 50% at 163.56 mM NaCl.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl at 163.56 mM inhibited germination by 50%.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 163.56 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination decreased with increase in NaCl concentration from 0 to 250 mM and was inhibited by 50% at 163.56 mM NaCl.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased as osmotic potential fell from 0 to -0.8 MPa.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- osmotic potential from 0 to -0.8 MPae0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination also decreased with decrease in osmotic potential from 0 to -0.8 MPa and 50% inhibition of germination was recorded at -0.51 MPa.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At -0.51 MPa, germination was inhibited by 50%.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- -0.51 MPae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination also decreased with decrease in osmotic potential from 0 to -0.8 MPa and 50% inhibition of germination was recorded at -0.51 MPa.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds germinated across pH 6.5 to 8.5.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Outcome
- able to germinatee0
- Qualifier
- pH range of 6.5 to 8.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. oleracea was able to germinate over a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling emergence decreased with deeper burial.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Treatment
- seed burial depthe0
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling emergence decreased with increase in seed burial depth and no emergence was observed when seeds were buried at soil depth greater than 2 cm.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds buried deeper than 2 cm did not emerge.
- Taxon
- Portulaca oleracea L.Portulaca oleraceat0
- Outcome
- no emergencee0
- Qualifier
- soil depth greater than 2 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling emergence decreased with increase in seed burial depth and no emergence was observed when seeds were buried at soil depth greater than 2 cm.”
t0“Portulaca oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen inhibited P. oleracea emergence.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfene0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin inhibited P. oleracea emergence.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.”
Claim · model-written summary
sulfentrazone inhibited P. oleracea emergence.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- sulfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.”
Claim · model-written summary
oxadiargyl inhibited P. oleracea emergence.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- oxadiargyle0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.”
Claim · model-written summary
clomazone inhibited P. oleracea emergence.
- Taxon
- P. oleraceaPortulaca oleraceae0
- Treatment
- clomazonee0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of P. oleracea seeds was found to be inhibited by all the tested herbicides viz., oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, sulfentrazone, oxadiargyl and clomazone.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Portulaca oleraceaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
application · growth · Portulaca oleraceaResults agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.