Abstract
Phosphorus (P) addition ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress on the seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). Previous studies focused on the effect of P on root traits, but little information is available on changes to aboveground traits. In this paper, we show how P addition affects shoot traits and reduces the adverse effects of water stress on the yield. Two soybean genotypes, with contrasting aboveground architectures, were grown in pots to compare the canopy architecture, leaf traits, aboveground dry matter accumulation and yield under two water and three P levels. The addition of P to two soybean genotypes, one with a larger number of branches and greater leaf area on the branches than the other, showed that the increased leaf area distribution on the main stem and branches was associated with increased shoot and root dry weights, which were positively correlated with the number of filled pods, seed number and seed yield and negatively correlated with seed size at maturity under well-watered and cyclic water stress treatments. The leaf P concentration at 65 DAS (flowering stage) and leaf photosynthesis measured shortly after re-watering increased with P addition, while the leaf mass area on the main stem at 65 DAS and maturity and on the branches at maturity increased modestly with P supply and water stress. Evidence is presented that P addition can ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress on yield through increased leaf area, leaf function and aboveground shoot production. We conclude that the increased yields of soybean resulting from increased P and water supplies that were previously shown to be associated with increased root growth and function are mediated through increased shoot growth and function, particularly the greater number of sites for pod production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Greater leaf area distribution with P addition was associated with increased shoot and root dry weights.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- main stem and branchese1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“increased leaf area distribution on the main stem and branches was associated with increased shoot and root dry weights”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root dry weights correlated positively with filled pods, seed number and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote1
- Outcome
- number of filled pods, seed number and seed yielde1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“shoot and root dry weights, which were positively correlated with the number of filled pods, seed number and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root dry weights correlated negatively with mature seed size.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote1
- Outcome
- seed sizee1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
- Qualifier
- under well-watered and cyclic water stress treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“shoot and root dry weights, which were positively correlated with the number of filled pods, seed number and seed yield and negatively correlated with seed size at maturity under well-watered and cyclic water stress treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
P addition increased leaf P concentration at flowering.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- 65 DAS (flowering stage)e1
- Treatment
- P additione1
- Outcome
- leaf P concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“The leaf P concentration at 65 DAS (flowering stage) and leaf photosynthesis measured shortly after re-watering increased with P addition”
Claim · model-written summary
P addition increased leaf photosynthesis shortly after re-watering.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P additione1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesise1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- shortly after re-wateringe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“leaf photosynthesis measured shortly after re-watering increased with P addition”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply and water stress modestly increased main-stem leaf mass area at flowering and maturity and branch leaf mass area at maturity.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- main steme1
- Treatment
- P supply and water stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf mass areae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at 65 DAS and maturity and on the branches at maturitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“the leaf mass area on the main stem at 65 DAS and maturity and on the branches at maturity increased modestly with P supply and water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret P-related yield protection under water stress as mediated by greater leaf area, function and shoot production.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxe0
- Treatment
- P additione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Qualifier
- through increased leaf area, leaf function and aboveground shoot productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“P addition can ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress on yield through increased leaf area, leaf function and aboveground shoot production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that higher soybean yields with greater P and water supplies are mediated by shoot growth and function and more pod sites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increased P and water suppliese0
- Outcome
- increased yieldse0
- Qualifier
- increased shoot growth and function, particularly the greater number of sites for pod productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased yields of soybean resulting from increased P and water supplies that were previously shown to be associated with increased root growth and function are mediated through increased shoot growth and function, particularly the greater number of sites for pod production”
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