Abstract
Abstract Exploring the effects of straw return (ST) and potassium fertilizer on soil structure, spring maize (Zea mays L.) root growth, K‐absorption efficiency and yield is essential for devising optimized straw return and potassium fertilizer management practices to increase grain yield for food security. In this study, two straw return levels used were straw return , no straw return and two potassium application levels used were 6K (90 kg/ha potassium application), no potassium (0K). Analyzed the effects of the above four treatments on soil structure, spring maize root indicators, K‐absorption efficiency and yield in three ecological regions in two years. The results showed that the effect of straw return on soil structure and root growth was better than that of applying potassium fertilizer. The effect of potassium fertilizer application on maize grain yield and K‐absorption efficiency was better than that of straw return. The impact of the interaction was better than straw return or the application potassium fertilizer alone. Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively. Therefore, the interaction of straw return and potassium fertilizer was the best measure to maintain high and stable maize yield, increasing K‐absorption efficiency and improving the nutrient resource management of straw and potassium fertilizer, which was appropriate for spring maize planting.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved soil structure more than potassium fertilizer.
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- soil structuree0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- applying potassium fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the effect of straw return on soil structure and root growth was better than that of applying potassium fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved maize root growth more than potassium fertilizer.
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- applying potassium fertilizere0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of straw return on soil structure and root growth was better than that of applying potassium fertilizer”
t0“spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizer improved maize grain yield and K-absorption efficiency more than straw return.
- Treatment
- potassium fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- maize grain yield and K‐absorption efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- straw returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of potassium fertilizer application on maize grain yield and K‐absorption efficiency was better than that of straw return.”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of straw return and potassium application was better than either alone.
- Treatment
- interactione0
- Outcome
- bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- straw return or the application potassium fertilizer alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of the interaction was better than straw return or the application potassium fertilizer alone.”
t0“spring maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on soil bulk density by 3.99%–7.27%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.99%–7.27%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on soil porosity by 3.89%–7.40%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- soil porositye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.89%–7.40%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on spring maize root length by 1.35%–71.01%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.35%–71.01%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on maize root surface area by 19.16%–42.45%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- root surface areae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 19.16%–42.45%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on maize root volume by 10.49%–22.73%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- root volumee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10.49%–22.73%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on maize grain K-absorption efficiency by 13.57%–19.67%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- maize grain K‐absorption efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13.57%–19.67%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return improved potassium fertilizer effects on maize yield by 4.43%–7.05%.
- Treatment
- Straw returne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4.43%–7.05%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined straw return and potassium fertilizer was recommended as the best measure for stable high maize yield, K-absorption efficiency and nutrient management.
- Outcome
- interaction of straw return and potassium fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction of straw return and potassium fertilizer was the best measure to maintain high and stable maize yield, increasing K‐absorption efficiency and improving the nutrient resource management of straw and potassium fertilizer, which was appropriate for spring maize planting.”
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