Abstract
Abstract To evaluate models for predicting plant uptake of Zn and Cd, a growth chamber study was conducted with soils collected from research plots in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin that had been treated 4 yr previously with 100 Mg ha −1 of an anaerobically digested sewage sludge from Chicago, IL. The single application of sludge supplied 19‐kg Cd and 340 kg Zn ha −1 . Sludge application increased the concentration of Cd and Zn in the shoots and roots of corn ( Zea mays L.) seedlings grown for 16 and 22 d in the four soils. The application of sludge had no effect on the growth and properties of the corn root systems. Soil characteristics and kinetic parameters for Zn and Cd uptake were combined with a nutrient uptake model to predict Cd and Zn uptake by corn seedlings. In the untreated and sludge‐treated soils predicted Cd uptake ( Y ) was related to observed uptake ( X ) in nmol pot −1 by: Y = 90.03 + 1.41 X ( r = 0.81). Overprediction of Cd uptake by 41% may have resulted from an incorrect value of the Michaelis‐Menten constant, K m , and/or neglecting Cd efflux from roots. Calculated Zn uptake in the untreated and sludge‐treated soils was related to observed uptake by: Y = 3.29 + 0.857 X ( r = 0.91) where units for Y and X are µmol Zn pot −1 . A sensitivity analysis was conducted with the model to determine how each soil and plant factor affected predicted Cd and Zn uptake. Plant factors that had the greatest effect on Cd and Zn uptake include the root growth constants, average root radius, and water influx rate. Kinetics of Cd and Zn uptake and half‐distance between roots had little effect on Cd and Zn uptake. Concentration of Cd and Zn in the soil solution ( C i ) was the soil parameter showing the greatest effect on predicted metal uptake. In comparison, average buffer power and diffusion coefficients for Zn and Cd had minimal impact on predicted metal uptake.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge increased cadmium concentration in corn seedling shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- Sludge applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sludge application increased the concentration of Cd and Zn in the shoots and roots of corn ( Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge increased zinc concentration in corn seedling shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- Sludge applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cd and Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sludge application increased the concentration of Cd and Zn in the shoots and roots of corn ( Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge had no effect on corn root-system growth and properties.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- application of sludgee0
- Outcome
- growth and properties of the corn root systemse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of sludge had no effect on the growth and properties of the corn root systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
The model predicted cadmium uptake with correlation 0.81 and overpredicted uptake by 41%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Comparator
- observed uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predicted Cd uptake ( Y ) was related to observed uptake ( X ) in nmol pot −1 by: Y = 90.03 + 1.41 X ( r = 0.81). Overprediction of Cd uptake by 41%”
e1“corn seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The model predicted zinc uptake with correlation 0.91.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee0
- Value
- r = 0.91e0
- Comparator
- observed uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calculated Zn uptake in the untreated and sludge‐treated soils was related to observed uptake by: Y = 3.29 + 0.857 X ( r = 0.91)”
e1“corn seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth constants, average root radius, and water influx rate had the greatest modeled effects on metal uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Outcome
- Cd and Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- greatest effecte0
- Qualifier
- root growth constants, average root radius, and water influx ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant factors that had the greatest effect on Cd and Zn uptake include the root growth constants, average root radius, and water influx rate.”
e1“corn seedlings”
e2“the corn root systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Uptake kinetics and half-distance between roots had little modeled effect on metal uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Cd and Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Qualifier
- half‐distance between rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetics of Cd and Zn uptake and half‐distance between roots had little effect on Cd and Zn uptake.”
e1“corn seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-solution cadmium and zinc concentration had the greatest modeled effect on predicted uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Compound
- Cd and Zne0
- Outcome
- predicted metal uptakee0
- Direction
- greatest effecte0
- Setting
- soil solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of Cd and Zn in the soil solution ( C i ) was the soil parameter showing the greatest effect on predicted metal uptake.”
e1“corn seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Average buffer power and metal diffusion coefficients had minimal modeled impact on predicted uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Compound
- Zn and Cde0
- Outcome
- predicted metal uptakee0
- Direction
- minimal impacte0
- Qualifier
- average buffer power and diffusion coefficientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average buffer power and diffusion coefficients for Zn and Cd had minimal impact on predicted metal uptake.”
e1“corn seedlings”
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