Abstract
In June 2019, approximately 20 tillers of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were sampled at the ripening stage (Feekes scale 11) from four different fields in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Brown lesions (3-5 mm in length) were present on the roots of sampled plants, with 20% incidence. To determine the causal agent, diseased roots were surface disinfected in sodium hypochlorite solution (1%) for 3 min, rinsed triple with sterile distilled water, air-dried in a laminar flow hood, and plated onto one-fifth strength potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 50 ppm chloramphenicol. After three days, the hyphal fragments that developed from the sections were transferred to fresh PDA and incubated at 23°C with 12-h photoperiod for 7 days to obtain pure cultures. Brown pigmented fungal colonies with a constriction at the base of hyphal branches, septa near the branching point, and right-angled branching resembling Rhizoctonia solani were observed. The identification anastomosis group (AG) of a representative isolate for each field was conducted by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA with the universal primers ITS4 and ITS5 (White et al. 1990). The resulting sequences of 693 bp length were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MW898143:MW898146). These sequences were 100% identical to the isolate 8Rs of R. solani AG2-1 (accession no. AF354063). To confirm the pathogenicity of the four isolates, the colonized wheat kernels method described by Demirci (1998) was used to inoculate a sterile potting mix containing peat, vermiculite, and soil (1:1:1 by v/v/v) into which wheat (cv. Seri) was planted. Control pots were inoculated with sterile wheat kernels using the same procedure. Wheat plants were left to grow for four weeks under controlled environmental conditions with a 23°C temperature regime. During the period that the plants remained in the glasshouse, the typical light regime was 16 h. Brown lesions were observed on the roots of plants in the inoculated pots whereas no symptoms were observed on plants grown in the control pots. R. solani was consistently reisolated from symptomatic plants, thereby confirming Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG2-1 on roots of wheat in Kazakhstan. R. solani AG2-1 isolates have been previously reported to be a weak pathogen to wheat (Roberts and Sivasithamparam 1986; Sturrock et al. 2015; Jaaffar et al. 2016; Özer et al. 2019). We suggest further studies are required to characterize the impact of R. solani AG2-1 in wheat. Considering crop rotation, the selection of non-host crops to this AG group is important to pathogen management, by reducing the amount of inoculum in the soil.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Brown root lesions occurred in sampled wheat with 20% incidence.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Brown lesionse0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Setting
- Kazakhstant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brown lesions (3-5 mm in length) were present on the roots of sampled plants, with 20% incidence.”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 on Roots of Wheat in Kazakhstan”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal sequences were 100% identical to a Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 isolate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- R. solani AG2-1
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- sequences were 100% identicale0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These sequences were 100% identical to the isolate 8Rs of R. solani AG2-1”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wheat roots developed brown lesions while control roots had no symptoms.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculated potse0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1Rhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- Brown lesionse0
- Direction
- observede0
- Comparator
- control potse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brown lesions were observed on the roots of plants in the inoculated pots whereas no symptoms were observed on plants grown in the control pots.”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 on Roots of Wheat in Kazakhstan”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani was consistently reisolated from symptomatic wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- R. solani was consistently reisolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. solani was consistently reisolated from symptomatic plants”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report R. solani AG2-1 on wheat roots in Kazakhstan for the first time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- R. solani AG2-1Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of R. solani AG2-1 on roots of wheat in Kazakhstane0
- Setting
- Kazakhstane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of R. solani AG2-1 on roots of wheat in Kazakhstan”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further studies of the impact of R. solani AG2-1 in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- R. solani AG2-1Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- further studies are required to characterize the impact of R. solani AG2-1 in wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest further studies are required to characterize the impact of R. solani AG2-1 in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend non-host crops in rotation to reduce R. solani AG2-1 inoculum.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1Rhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- selection of non-host crops to this AG groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the selection of non-host crops to this AG group is important to pathogen management, by reducing the amount of inoculum in the soil”
t0“Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 on Roots of Wheat in Kazakhstan”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Rhizoctonia solani · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.