Abstract
Abstract Background Endophytic fungi are excellent sources of new natural bioactive products with potential for exploitation in medical, agricultural, and industrial fields. Beneficial effects of endophytes are not only limited to promoting plant growth, but also to react as plant protection agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms and plant pests. The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America and in the Mediterranean basin. Results In the present work, the effectiveness of two endophytic fungi Clonostachys spp. and Beauveria bassiana were tested against T . absoluta larvae. Evaluation of the larvicidal effect in the laboratory by spraying 3 concentrations ( D 1 = 4 × 10 7 spores/ml, D 2 = 4 × 10 6 spores/ml and D 3 = 4 × 10 5 spores/ml) of fungal suspensions showed remarkable efficacy, which varied depending on the tested strain, concentration of application and time of exposure. Statistical analysis showed highly significant results on larval mortality rates for both endophytic than the control. After 15 days, dead larvae were mummified. Applications of tested isolates in greenhouse experiments confirmed their marked biological control efficacy than the synthetic insecticide (Emamectin benzoat). Number of mined leaves decreased depending on the contact time of the larvae with the fungal spores. Conclusion Results suggest that the two endophytic fungi B. bassiana and Clonostachys spp. were very effective entomopathogenic fungi against T. absoluta . Indeed, the present study revealed the pathogenicity of Clonostachys spp. against T. absoluta larvae for the first time.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Clonostachys spp. sprayed at three concentrations in the laboratory caused higher larval mortality of Tuta absoluta than the control
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- spraying 3 concentrationse2
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae1pest - Second interactor
- Clonostachys spp.
Clonostachyse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- larval mortality ratese3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Comparator
- the controle3
- Setting
- laboratorye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the effectiveness of two endophytic fungi Clonostachys spp. and Beauveria bassiana were tested against T . absoluta larvae”
e1“The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America”
e2“Evaluation of the larvicidal effect in the laboratory by spraying 3 concentrations”
e3“Statistical analysis showed highly significant results on larval mortality rates for both endophytic than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria bassiana sprayed at three concentrations in the laboratory caused higher larval mortality of Tuta absoluta than the control
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- spraying 3 concentrationse2
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Second interactor
- Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- larval mortality ratese3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Comparator
- the controle3
- Setting
- laboratorye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effectiveness of two endophytic fungi Clonostachys spp. and Beauveria bassiana were tested against T . absoluta larvae”
e1“The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America”
e2“Evaluation of the larvicidal effect in the laboratory by spraying 3 concentrations”
e3“Statistical analysis showed highly significant results on larval mortality rates for both endophytic than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested endophytic fungal isolates in greenhouse experiments gave higher biological control efficacy against Tuta absoluta than the synthetic insecticide emamectin benzoate
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Applications of tested isolatese4
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- biological control efficacye4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticide (Emamectin benzoat)e4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America”
e4“Applications of tested isolates in greenhouse experiments confirmed their marked biological control efficacy than the synthetic insecticide (Emamectin benzoat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of mined tomato leaves decreased with the contact time of Tuta absoluta larvae with the fungal spores
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- contact time of the larvae with the fungal sporese5
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- Number of mined leavese5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America”
e5“Number of mined leaves decreased depending on the contact time of the larvae with the fungal spores”
Claim · model-written summary
Clonostachys spp. was pathogenic to Tuta absoluta larvae, reported for the first time
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae6pest
- Second interactor
- Clonostachys spp.Clonostachyse6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pathogenicity of Clonostachys spp. against T. absoluta larvaee6
- Qualifier
- for the first timee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main tomato pests in South America”
e6“the present study revealed the pathogenicity of Clonostachys spp. against T. absoluta larvae for the first time”
The same questions in other papers
application · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.