Abstract
Abstract Background Wheat is the most consumed cereal crops in the world infected by several pathogens and pests causing significant losses. The most threatening pathogens are fungi which cause serious diseases on roots, leaves and heads as one of the most threatening pathogens in specific wheat-growing countries. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the prevalence of damping-off fungal pathogens in different wheat fields at Basra and Maysan provinces. Results Disease incidence determination and fungal isolation were carried out from two sites at Basra province (Al-Qurna and Al-Madinah) and three sites at Maysan province (Al-Amarah, Kumit, Ali Al Sharqi and Ali Al Gharbi). Al-Qurna fields had the highest disease incidence (32%), while Ali-Alsharqi fields had the lowest one (11%). Fourteen fungal genera were identified. Rhizoctonia solani had the highest appearance (21.6) and frequency (20.20%) percentages followed by Fusarium solani (16.11,14.01) percentages and Macrophomina phaseolina (12.2,11.1) percentages. Seed treatment with R. solani (Rs1 isolate) showed significant decrease in germination (56.6%) compared to F. solani and M. phaseolina treatments. Seed treatment with R. solani (Rs1 isolate) showed significant decrease in germination (56.6%) compared to F. solani and M. phaseolina treatments. Conclusions These results revealed the prevalence of wheat damping-off disease in all examined fields at both Basra and Maysan province; the highest disease incidence was seen in Basra wheat fields (Al-Qurna fields); the identification of fungal pathogens showed that the most isolated fungus was R. solani followed by F. solani and M. phaseolina . Laboratory experiments showed the pathogenicity of isolated fungi which varied according to the isolate type.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Al-Qurna had the highest wheat damping-off incidence, 32%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Setting
- Al-Qurna fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-Qurna fields had the highest disease incidence (32%), while Ali-Alsharqi fields had the lowest one (11%).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ali-Alsharqi had the lowest wheat damping-off incidence, 11%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Setting
- Ali-Alsharqi fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-Qurna fields had the highest disease incidence (32%), while Ali-Alsharqi fields had the lowest one (11%).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen fungal genera were identified in wheat fields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Fourteen fungal generae0
- Value
- Fourteene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen fungal genera were identified.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani had the highest appearance percentage, 21.6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- appearancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 21.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia solani had the highest appearance (21.6) and frequency (20.20%) percentages followed by Fusarium solani (16.11,14.01) percentages and Macrophomina phaseolina (12.2,11.1) percentages.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani had the highest frequency percentage, 20.20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- frequencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 20.20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia solani had the highest appearance (21.6) and frequency (20.20%) percentages followed by Fusarium solani (16.11,14.01) percentages and Macrophomina phaseolina (12.2,11.1) percentages.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani followed Rhizoctonia in appearance at 16.11%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium solanie0
- Value
- 16.11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium solani (16.11,14.01) percentages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani frequency was 14.01%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium solanie0
- Value
- 14.01e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium solani (16.11,14.01) percentages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Macrophomina phaseolina appearance was 12.2%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- Macrophomina phaseolinae0
- Value
- 12.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macrophomina phaseolina (12.2,11.1) percentages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Macrophomina phaseolina frequency was 11.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Macrophomina phaseolinae0
- Value
- 11.1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macrophomina phaseolina (12.2,11.1) percentages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani Rs1 seed treatment significantly decreased wheat germination to 56.6% compared with other fungal treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with R. solani (Rs1 isolate)e0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 56.6%e0
- Comparator
- F. solani and M. phaseolina treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with R. solani (Rs1 isolate) showed significant decrease in germination (56.6%) compared to F. solani and M. phaseolina treatments. Conclusions”
t0“wheat”
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