Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang maize yield by 37% in 2016.
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang maize yield by 24% in 2017.
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield loss to pests was below 8% in Gouna in both years.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years.”
e1“insect pests reduced maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang cowpea seed yield by 47% in 2016.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang cowpea seed yield by 50% in 2017.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Gouna cowpea seed yield by 55% in 2016.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Interactor
- insect pestse1pest
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- Reductione1
- Value
- 55%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Gounae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively.”
e1“Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Gouna cowpea seed yield by 63% in 2017.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Interactor
- insect pestse1pest
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- Reductione1
- Value
- 63%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Setting
- Gounae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively.”
e1“Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang okra fruit yield by 25% in 2016.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- okra fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Dang okra fruit yield by 44% in 2017.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- okra fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Setting
- Dange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Gouna okra fruit yield by 23% in 2016.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- okra fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Gounae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests reduced Gouna okra fruit yield by 28% in 2017.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- okra fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Setting
- Gounae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017.”
Claim · model-written summary
Per-crop yield was lower under intercropping than monoculture because of resource competition.
- Taxon
- Maize, Cowpea and OkraVigna unguiculata
Zea maysAbelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- Crop yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- competition of plants in association on different resourcese0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources.”
t0“Maize, Cowpea and Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Total intercrop yield generally exceeded monoculture yield at both sites and in both years, with LER > 1.
- Taxon
- Maize, Cowpea and OkraVigna unguiculataZea maysAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- intercropping trialse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- LER > 1e0
- Qualifier
- both sites and yearse0
- Comparator
- mono-culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years”
t0“Maize, Cowpea and Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend maize-cowpea intercropping to reduce pest infestation.
Verbatim
e0“we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 834 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.