Abstract
Producing high-quality seeds for agroecological agriculture is needed because the plants will be exposed to a diversity of environments and management practices. Sowing times and population densities can influence the quality of seeds produced by landraces. Further, seeds for agroecological cultivation must not be contaminated by transgenes. In this context, it is necessary to know the agronomic performance of landraces outside of the recommended growing period to avoid gene flow with transgenic cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the germination rate, vigor and sanitary quality of seeds of maize genotypes cultivated in an agroecological system at different sowing times and densities. A split-split-plot design was used in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The physiological quality evaluation was based on germination and vigor tests, and the sanitary quality was obtained by visually examining the seeds. The results showed a significant simple effect of genotype, sowing time and density, as well as double and triple interactions among factors for all evaluated traits. The most suitable time for sowing the corn landraces evaluated in an agroecological system in western Santa Catarina is September, when the seeds exhibited the highest percentage of germination and vigor and there was a lower incidence of pathogens. At this time, a density of 55,000 plants·ha–1 had the best result for germination. Late sowing was tested to avoid gene flow from transgenic varieties that usually are sown in September, but the results indicated penalties, such as a decrease in seed yield and quality.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, sowing time and density each significantly affected all evaluated traits.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant simple effect of genotype, sowing time and density, as well as double and triple interactions among factors for all evaluated traits.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
Double and triple interactions among genotype, sowing time and density significantly affected all evaluated traits.
- Treatment
- sowing time and densitye0
- Outcome
- all evaluated traitse0
- Qualifier
- double and triple interactions among factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant simple effect of genotype, sowing time and density, as well as double and triple interactions among factors for all evaluated traits.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
September sowing gave the highest maize landrace seed germination percentage and vigor.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Septembere0
- Outcome
- percentage of germination and vigore0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- western Santa Catarinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most suitable time for sowing the corn landraces evaluated in an agroecological system in western Santa Catarina is September, when the seeds exhibited the highest percentage of germination and vigor and there was a lower incidence of pathogens.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
September sowing had lower pathogen incidence in maize landrace seeds.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Septembere0
- Outcome
- incidence of pathogense0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- western Santa Catarinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most suitable time for sowing the corn landraces evaluated in an agroecological system in western Santa Catarina is September, when the seeds exhibited the highest percentage of germination and vigor and there was a lower incidence of pathogens.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
A density of 55,000 plants·ha–1 in September gave the best germination result.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this time, a density of 55,000 plants·ha–1 had the best result for germination.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing decreased maize landrace seed yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late sowing was tested to avoid gene flow from transgenic varieties that usually are sown in September, but the results indicated penalties, such as a decrease in seed yield and quality.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing decreased maize landrace seed quality.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late sowing was tested to avoid gene flow from transgenic varieties that usually are sown in September, but the results indicated penalties, such as a decrease in seed yield and quality.”
t0“Maize landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify September as the most suitable sowing time for these maize landraces.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most suitable time for sowing the corn landraces evaluated in an agroecological system in western Santa Catarina is September, when the seeds exhibited the highest percentage of germination and vigor and there was a lower incidence of pathogens.”
t0“Maize landraces”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · quality: general · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →sowing time · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
90 papers in the same direction as this paper · 178 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
265 papers more in this group
See all 269 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.