Abstract
The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer improved soil fertility more than mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction)”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased Calville snow yield by 34.8% against unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Calville snowe0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 34.8e0
- Comparator
- control non-fertilized arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas”
e1“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased Idared seedling-rootstock yield by 27.7% against control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Idarede0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 27.7e0
- Comparator
- control non-fertilized arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas”
e1“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased Idared vegetative-rootstock yield by 23.4% against control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Idarede0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 23.4 %e0
- Comparator
- control non-fertilized arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas”
e1“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer raised Calville snow yield 16.0% against mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Calville snowe1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Value
- 16.0e0
- Comparator
- N120Р120К120e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120”
e1“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively”
e2“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer raised Idared seedling-rootstock yield 15.8% against mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Idarede1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Value
- 15.8e0
- Comparator
- N120Р120К120e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120”
e1“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively”
t0“apple orchard”
e2“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer raised Idared vegetative-rootstock yield 13.2% against mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Idarede1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Value
- 13.2 %e0
- Comparator
- N120Р120К120e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120”
e1“total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively”
t0“apple orchard”
e2“organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic-mineral fertilizer formed similar soil fertility indicators.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- organo-mineral fertilizer systeme0
- Outcome
- soil fertility indicatorse0
- Direction
- Similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer increased humus and plant-available macronutrients less.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mineral system (N120P120K120)e0
- Outcome
- humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutritione0
- Direction
- less increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer did not enrich trace elements.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mineral system (N120P120K120)e1
- Outcome
- soil with trace elementse0
- Direction
- does not enriche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“does not enrich the soil with trace elements”
e1“mineral system (N120P120K120)”
t0“apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer acidified soil reaction.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mineral system (N120P120K120)e1
- Outcome
- reaction of the soil environmente0
- Direction
- acidifiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acidifies the reaction of the soil environment”
e1“mineral system (N120P120K120)”
t0“apple orchard”
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