Abstract
The challenges of the global food supply and environment conservation require ongoing scientific observations of soil-to-plant and plant-to-environment interactions with the aim of improving agriculture resource management. This study included observations of winter wheat yield and biomass of four varieties over three consecutive growing seasons and four site-year cases to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and time of application on grain yield and biomass. For different wheat varieties, the full factorial design was performed, where factorial combinations of year, location, fall and spring N applications were laid out in a randomized complete block design. The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency. The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits. The N rate of 120 kg ha−1 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend. N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application. The major contribution of wheat variability production belongs to seasonal climate circumstances (<85%) and consequential intrinsic soil properties. The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly influenced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly influenced wheat biomass production efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- biomass production efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application time had a highly significant effect on wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application time had a highly significant effect on wheat biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application time had a highly significant effect on wheat NUE traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- NUE traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen, wheat grain yield trended downward.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N rate of 120 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- downtrende0
- Value
- 120 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate of 120 kg ha−1 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen, wheat biomass trended downward.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N rate of 120 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- downtrende0
- Value
- 120 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate of 120 kg ha−1 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall nitrogen application had a greater effect on wheat grain yield than spring application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N application in the falle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- spring N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall nitrogen application had a greater effect on wheat biomass than spring application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N application in the falle0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- spring N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal climate circumstances and soil properties accounted for the major contribution to wheat production variability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- wheat variability productione0
- Value
- <85%e0
- Qualifier
- intrinsic soil propertiese0
- Setting
- seasonal climate circumstancese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major contribution of wheat variability production belongs to seasonal climate circumstances (<85%) and consequential intrinsic soil properties.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Average wheat grain yield differed between varieties by 15.75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- varietiese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- differencee0
- Value
- 15.75%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Average wheat biomass differed between varieties by 12%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.