Abstract
Background: Heavy metal toxicity affects plant growth and alters physiological processes. Soils in many areas are often contaminated by cadmium and zinc which show varied response on plants by their interactive effects. The experiment was done to study the effect of cadmium and zinc as sole presence and in combination in groundnut seedlings. Methods: The laboratory experiment was conducted on groundnut cultivar TG 51 in sand culture using modified Hoagland solution. After initial screening, three concentrations of cadmium (Cd 100, Cd 300 and Cd 500 µM) and two concentrations of zinc (Zn 50 and Zn 150 ìM) were selected for studying their effects individually and in combination on physiological and biochemical parameters. Result: The reduction in root length increased over control as the concentration of cadmium in the medium increased. Cadmium or zinc alone led to a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and relative water content of the leaf. Zinc supplement at 150 µM not only mitigated the negative effect of Cd 100 µM and 300 µM, but also increased the chlorophyll content above control level. Zinc supplement not only increased the protein content over the control but also mitigated to some extent the adverse effects of cadmium in protein content when applied in combination. Under both cadmium and zinc treatment, the inhibition of nitrate reductase (NR) activity over unstressed control was found. Different treatment combinations, however, reduced the negative effects of cadmium, although zinc could not completely override such damage, change the level of toxicity. Treatment with Cd 100 µM and 300 µM induced an increase in phenol content over the control, while higher concentration (500 µM) of the metal led to a decrease in this potent antioxidant compound. Presence of Zinc in the growing medium significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds highlighting its protective role against oxidative damage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium concentration increased reduction in groundnut root length relative to control.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“The reduction in root length increased over control as the concentration of cadmium in the medium increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium alone decreased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and relative water content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and relative water content of the leafe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Cadmium or zinc alone led to a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and relative water content of the leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc alone decreased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and relative water content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- zince0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and relative water content of the leafe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Cadmium or zinc alone led to a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and relative water content of the leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 150 µM mitigated effects of Cd 100 and 300 µM and increased chlorophyll above control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Zinc supplement at 150 µMe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Zinc supplement at 150 µM not only mitigated the negative effect of Cd 100 µM and 300 µM, but also increased the chlorophyll content above control level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased protein content above control and mitigated cadmium effects on protein content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Zinc supplemente0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Zinc supplement not only increased the protein content over the control but also mitigated to some extent the adverse effects of cadmium in protein content when applied in combination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium and zinc treatments inhibited nitrate reductase activity relative to unstressed control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- cadmium and zinc treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Comparator
- unstressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Under both cadmium and zinc treatment, the inhibition of nitrate reductase (NR) activity over unstressed control was found.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd 100 and 300 µM increased phenol content over control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Cd 100 µM and 300 µMe0
- Outcome
- phenol contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Treatment with Cd 100 µM and 300 µM induced an increase in phenol content over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd 500 µM decreased phenol content.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 500 µMe0
- Outcome
- this potent antioxidant compounde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“higher concentration (500 µM) of the metal led to a decrease in this potent antioxidant compound.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc in the growing medium significantly enhanced phenolic compound accumulation.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Zince0
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings”
e0“Presence of Zinc in the growing medium significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds”
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