Abstract
Xerophyllum asphodeloides (Xerophyllaceae), known as eastern turkeybeard, is an herbaceous perennial found in eastern North America. Due to decline and destruction of its habitat, several states rank X. asphodeloides as “Imperiled” to “Critically Imperiled”. Protocols for seed cryopreservation, in vitro germination, sustainable shoot micropropagation, shoot establishment in soil, and seed germination are presented. Seeds from two tested sources were viable after 20 months of cryopreservation. Germination of isolated embryos in vitro was necessary to overcome strong seed dormancy. Shoot multiplication and elongation occurred on ½ MS medium without PGRs. Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs or with 0.5 mg/L NAA or after NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mix. When planted in wet, peaty soil mixes, shoots grew for two months and then declined. When planted in a drier planting mix containing aged bark, most plants continued growth. In the field, plant survival was 73% after three growing seasons. Safeguarding this species both ex situ and in situ is possible and offers a successful approach to conservation. Whole seeds germinated after double dormancy was overcome by incubation under warm moist conditions for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks cold at 4 °C and then warm.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from two sources remained viable after 20 months of cryopreservation.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- 20 months of cryopreservatione0
- Outcome
- Seeds from two tested sources were viablee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Seeds from two tested sources were viable after 20 months of cryopreservation”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolating embryos was necessary to overcome strong seed dormancy in vitro.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- isolated embryos in vitroe0
- Outcome
- overcome strong seed dormancye0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Germination of isolated embryos in vitro was necessary to overcome strong seed dormancy”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots multiplied and elongated on half-strength MS medium without PGRs.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- ½ MS medium without PGRse0
- Outcome
- Shoot multiplication and elongation occurrede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Shoot multiplication and elongation occurred on ½ MS medium without PGRs”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- without PGRse0
- Outcome
- Shoots rooted in vitroe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs or with 0.5 mg/L NAA or after NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mix”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots rooted in vitro with 0.5 mg/L NAA.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg/L NAAe0
- Outcome
- Shoots rooted in vitroe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs or with 0.5 mg/L NAA or after NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mix”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots rooted after NAA powder treatment and placement in potting mix.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mixe0
- Outcome
- Shoots rootede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs or with 0.5 mg/L NAA or after NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mix”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots in wet peaty soil grew for two months and then declined.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- wet, peaty soil mixese0
- Outcome
- shoots grew for two months and then declinede0
- Direction
- declinede0
Verbatim
e0“When planted in wet, peaty soil mixes, shoots grew for two months and then declined”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Most plants in the drier aged-bark mix continued growth.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- drier planting mix containing aged barke0
- Outcome
- most plants continued growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“When planted in a drier planting mix containing aged bark, most plants continued growth”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Field survival was 73% after three growing seasons.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Outcome
- plant survivale0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Qualifier
- after three growing seasonse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In the field, plant survival was 73% after three growing seasons”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole seeds germinated after sequential warm moist, cold, and warm incubation.
- Taxon
- Xerophyllum asphodeloidesXerophyllum asphodeloidest0
- Treatment
- incubation under warm moist conditions for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks cold at 4 °C and then warme0
- Outcome
- Whole seeds germinatede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Whole seeds germinated after double dormancy was overcome by incubation under warm moist conditions for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks cold at 4 °C and then warm”
t0“Xerophyllum asphodeloides”