Abstract
Abstract Identificationof agronomic practices that can ameliorate the negative effect of combined heat and water stress on maize plants is vital in food security strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat and water stress on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) under variable growth conditions. A repeated greenhouse factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications was performed. The factors were maize variety, water stress, soil amendment, and soil type. The results showed a depressive effect of water stress on the maize leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, dry biomass yield, and harvest index. These attributes decreased as the severity of the water stress increased with harvest index dipping by 30.3 and 92.9% in moderate water stress (MS) and terminal water‐stress (TS) plants, respectively. Sandy clay loam soil gave higher maize growth and yield attributes than loamy sand soil. The varied growth conditions imposed by the different water stresses, soil types, and soil amendments elicited different responses from the three maize varieties. Mean stability analyses/ranking identified ZM1523 and WE5323 as the top‐performing varieties under poultry manure amendment for both non‐stress and MS conditions, whereas under TS their performance improved in combined poultry manure/mineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer treatments. Similarly, WE3128 gave its best performance under mineral fertilizer amendment for non‐stress, MS, and TS conditions. Therefore, under combined heat and water stress conditions, the interaction of maize variety, soil type, and soil amendment should be considered to guarantee a high maize yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced maize leaf area, chlorophyll content and stem diameter as severity rose.
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- maize leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a depressive effect of water stress on the maize leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, dry biomass yield, and harvest index. These attributes decreased as the severity of the water stress increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced maize dry biomass yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a depressive effect of water stress on the maize leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, dry biomass yield, and harvest index. These attributes decreased as the severity of the water stress increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress reduced maize harvest index by 30.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“harvest index dipping by 30.3 and 92.9% in moderate water stress (MS) and terminal water‐stress (TS) plants, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminal water stress reduced maize harvest index by 92.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“harvest index dipping by 30.3 and 92.9% in moderate water stress (MS) and terminal water‐stress (TS) plants, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandy clay loam produced higher maize growth and yield attributes than loamy sand.
- Treatment
- Sandy clay loam soile0
- Outcome
- maize growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- loamy sand soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sandy clay loam soil gave higher maize growth and yield attributes than loamy sand soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress, soil type and amendment produced different responses among three maize varieties.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The varied growth conditions imposed by the different water stresses, soil types, and soil amendments elicited different responses from the three maize varieties.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZM1523 ranked among top varieties with poultry manure under no stress and moderate stress.
- Material
- ZM1523e0
- Treatment
- poultry manure amendmente0
- Outcome
- top‐performing varietiese0
- Qualifier
- non‐stress and MS conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean stability analyses/ranking identified ZM1523 and WE5323 as the top‐performing varieties under poultry manure amendment for both non‐stress and MS conditions”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
WE5323 ranked among top varieties with poultry manure under no stress and moderate stress.
- Material
- WE5323e0
- Treatment
- poultry manure amendmente0
- Outcome
- top‐performing varietiese0
- Qualifier
- non‐stress and MS conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean stability analyses/ranking identified ZM1523 and WE5323 as the top‐performing varieties under poultry manure amendment for both non‐stress and MS conditions”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under terminal stress ZM1523 performed better with poultry manure plus mineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer.
- Material
- ZM1523e0
- Treatment
- combined poultry manure/mineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean stability analyses/ranking identified ZM1523 and WE5323 as the top‐performing varieties under poultry manure amendment for both non‐stress and MS conditions, whereas under TS their performance improved in combined poultry manure/mineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer treatments.”
t0“Maize response to combined heat and water stresses under varying growth conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
WE3128 performed best with mineral fertilizer across non-stress, moderate and terminal stress conditions.
- Material
- WE3128e0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizer amendmente0
- Outcome
- best performancee0
- Qualifier
- non‐stress, MS, and TS conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WE3128 gave its best performance under mineral fertilizer amendment for non‐stress, MS, and TS conditions.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering maize variety, soil type and amendment jointly under heat and water stress.
- Outcome
- interaction of maize variety, soil type, and soil amendment should be considerede0
- Qualifier
- under combined heat and water stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under combined heat and water stress conditions, the interaction of maize variety, soil type, and soil amendment should be considered to guarantee a high maize yield.”
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