Abstract
The studies were conducted in the arid zone of Stavropol region to determine the productivity of winter wheat cultivated by direct seeding technology, based on phenological observations and NDVI. The work was carried out on the basis of the agro-enterprise JSC "Agrohleboprodukt" for 2018-2020. The predecessors are sunflower, chickpeas, winter wheat varieties (Zustrich (St.), Bagheera and Bagrat). Plant samples were selected according to the generally accepted method. Satellite mapping data of vegetation cover is obtained on the basis of the service "VEGA-Science". It was found that the growth, development and productivity of winter wheat depended on the prevailing weather and climatic conditions. Studies of the dynamics of the average annual indicators showed that precipitation tended to decrease (37.6-14.4 mm), and the temperature and vegetation index NDVI-to increase (9.6-12.3 °C and 0.456-0.491, respectively). The analysis showed the absence of a reliable level of significance of the combined application of these factors for predicting the productivity of winter wheat. The terms of sowing the crop were determined by external conditions and shifted to a later period. The largest average linear deviation of the indicator was revealed in 2020 (6.4444). On average, the variation of seedlings for different varieties and predecessors was 9 % (the lowest for chickpeas – 7.5 %). Seedlings of grain crops appeared 19-20 days after sowing. The coefficient of variation showed a high heterogeneity of the phenological index for all phases, except for tillering (8.6-9.0 %). The average density of plant seedlings was 379 pcs./m2. The coefficient of variation of the indicator is uniform for all varieties and precursors (3.65 %). A decrease in plant density was observed from the germination phase to earing and for all the predecessors (the largest for the Zustrich variety – 7.3 % and 10.2 % for sunflower and chickpeas, respectively). From 2018 to 2020, the yield of winter wheat when sowing for sunflower was 301-450 t/ha, for chickpeas – 326-468 t/ha.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat growth, development, and productivity depended on weather and climatic conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- prevailing weather and climatic conditionse0
- Outcome
- growth, development and productivitye0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the growth, development and productivity of winter wheat depended on the prevailing weather and climatic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual precipitation tended to decrease from 37.6 to 14.4 mm.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- precipitatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 37.6-14.4 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“precipitation tended to decrease (37.6-14.4 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature increased from 9.6 to 12.3 °C.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.6-12.3 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the temperature and vegetation index NDVI-to increase (9.6-12.3 °C and 0.456-0.491, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI increased from 0.456 to 0.491.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- vegetation index NDVIe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.456-0.491e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the temperature and vegetation index NDVI-to increase (9.6-12.3 °C and 0.456-0.491, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined factors did not reliably predict winter wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of these factorse0
- Outcome
- predicting the productivity of winter wheate0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“absence of a reliable level of significance of the combined application of these factors for predicting the productivity of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing shifted later in response to external conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- external conditionse0
- Outcome
- terms of sowing the crope0
- Direction
- shifted to a later periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The terms of sowing the crop were determined by external conditions and shifted to a later period”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest average linear deviation of the indicator occurred in 2020 and was 6.4444.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- average linear deviation of the indicatore0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 6.4444e0
- Qualifier
- in 2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The largest average linear deviation of the indicator was revealed in 2020 (6.4444)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling variation across varieties and predecessors averaged 9%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- variation of seedlingse0
- Value
- 9 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“On average, the variation of seedlings for different varieties and predecessors was 9 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling variation was lowest after chickpeas, at 7.5%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- variation of seedlingse1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 7.5 %e0
- Comparator
- chickpease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the lowest for chickpeas – 7.5 %”
e1“On average, the variation of seedlings for different varieties and predecessors was 9 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain crop seedlings appeared 19–20 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Seedlings of grain crops appearede0
- Value
- 19-20 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Seedlings of grain crops appeared 19-20 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenological indexes were highly heterogeneous across phases except tillering, whose coefficient of variation was 8.6–9.0%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tilleringe0
- Outcome
- heterogeneity of the phenological index for all phasese0
- Value
- 8.6-9.0 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“a high heterogeneity of the phenological index for all phases, except for tillering (8.6-9.0 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean seedling density was 379 plants per square meter.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- density of plant seedlingse0
- Value
- 379 pcs./m2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The average density of plant seedlings was 379 pcs./m2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling density variation was uniform across varieties and predecessors at 3.65%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- coefficient of variation of the indicatore0
- Value
- 3.65 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The coefficient of variation of the indicator is uniform for all varieties and precursors (3.65 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density decreased from germination to earing across all predecessors.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- germination phase to earinge0
- Outcome
- plant densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“A decrease in plant density was observed from the germination phase to earing and for all the predecessors”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest density loss for Zustrich after sunflower was 7.3%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zustrich varietye0
- Outcome
- plant densitye1
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 7.3 %e0
- Comparator
- sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the largest for the Zustrich variety – 7.3 % and 10.2 % for sunflower and chickpeas, respectively”
e1“A decrease in plant density was observed from the germination phase to earing and for all the predecessors”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest density loss for Zustrich after chickpeas was 10.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zustrich varietye0
- Outcome
- plant densitye1
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 10.2 %e0
- Comparator
- chickpease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“the largest for the Zustrich variety – 7.3 % and 10.2 % for sunflower and chickpeas, respectively”
e1“A decrease in plant density was observed from the germination phase to earing and for all the predecessors”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields after sunflower ranged from 301 to 450 t/ha over 2018–2020.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield of winter wheate0
- Value
- 301-450 t/hae0
- Comparator
- sunflowere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“From 2018 to 2020, the yield of winter wheat when sowing for sunflower was 301-450 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields after chickpeas ranged from 326 to 468 t/ha over 2018–2020.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield of winter wheate1
- Value
- 326-468 t/hae0
- Comparator
- chickpease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“for chickpeas – 326-468 t/ha”
e1“From 2018 to 2020, the yield of winter wheat when sowing for sunflower was 301-450 t/ha”