Abstract
The present experiment was conducted during 2018–19 under the ongoing All India Coordinated Research Project on Long-term Fertilizer Experiment with soybean-wheat cropping sequence since 1972 at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The microbial properties and nitrogen (N2) fixation of soil under different nutrient combinations were studied in a 46-year old long-term fertilizer experiment in a Vertisol. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design comprising of 10 treatments viz., T1: 50% NPK, T2: 100% NPK, T3: 150% NPK, T4: 100% NPK + Hand weeding (100% NPK+HW), T5: 100% NPK + zinc (100% NPK + Zn), T6: 100% NP, T7: 100% N, T8: 100% NPK+ 5 t FYM ha-1 (100% NPK+FYM), T9: 100% NPK(-S) and T10: Control, each treatment being replicated four times in a randomized block design. Soil samples from all the treatments were collected from 0–15 cm depth and microbial properties and N2 fixation of soil were estimated. Significant increase in soil organic carbon, total N and available N were recorded with 100% NPK+FYM. Similarly, the maximum number of nodules and their biomass were also recorded in 100% NPK+FYM treatment at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population counts in soil were 39.1*107, 42.7*104 and 39.1*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively with the integrated application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (100% NPK+FYM) over control (11.7*107, 18.5*104 and 13.6*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively). Further, the conjoint use of balance dose of fertilizers with FYM was also significantly superior in terms of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass N over other treatments even after 46 years of experimentation. The grain and straw yield of soybean and their N uptake were also significantly increased with graded dose of fertilizers and maximum yield and N uptake were noted in 100% NPK+FYM treatments over control plot.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The combined 100% NPK plus FYM treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon, total N and available N.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon, total N and available Ne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Indiae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e0“Significant increase in soil organic carbon, total N and available N were recorded with 100% NPK+FYM”
e6“at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum number of nodules and their biomass were recorded under 100% NPK plus FYM at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe1
- Outcome
- number of nodules and their biomasse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Qualifier
- at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e1“the maximum number of nodules and their biomass were also recorded in 100% NPK+FYM treatment at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial population counts in soil were higher under 100% NPK plus FYM than in the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe2
- Outcome
- bacteriae2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 39.1*107e2
- Qualifier
- 11.7*107e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e2“The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population counts in soil were 39.1*107, 42.7*104 and 39.1*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively with the integrated application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (100% NPK+FYM) over control (11.7*107, 18.5*104 and 13.6*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal population counts in soil were higher under 100% NPK plus FYM than in the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe2
- Outcome
- fungie2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 42.7*104e2
- Qualifier
- 18.5*104e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e2“The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population counts in soil were 39.1*107, 42.7*104 and 39.1*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively with the integrated application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (100% NPK+FYM) over control (11.7*107, 18.5*104 and 13.6*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycete population counts in soil were higher under 100% NPK plus FYM than in the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe2
- Outcome
- actinomycetese2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 39.1*105e2
- Qualifier
- 13.6*105e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e2“The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population counts in soil were 39.1*107, 42.7*104 and 39.1*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively with the integrated application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (100% NPK+FYM) over control (11.7*107, 18.5*104 and 13.6*105 cfu g-1 soil, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined balanced fertilizer with FYM was significantly superior for soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass N after 46 years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- conjoint use of balance dose of fertilizers with FYMe3
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass Ne3
- Direction
- superiore3
- Qualifier
- even after 46 years of experimentatione3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e3“the conjoint use of balance dose of fertilizers with FYM was also significantly superior in terms of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass N over other treatments even after 46 years of experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Graded fertilizer doses significantly increased soybean grain and straw yield and N uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- graded dose of fertilizerse4
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield of soybean and their N uptakee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e4“The grain and straw yield of soybean and their N uptake were also significantly increased with graded dose of fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum soybean yield and N uptake were recorded under 100% NPK plus FYM over the control plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK+FYMe5
- Outcome
- yield and N uptakee5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Comparator
- control plote5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean-wheat cropping sequence”
e5“maximum yield and N uptake were noted in 100% NPK+FYM treatments over control plot”
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