Abstract
Background: Gypsum and organic amendments are potential ameliorants for reclamation of saline and/or sodic soil conditions to improve crop productivity and soil fertility. Application of gypsum at higher dose ( greater than 1 t ha-1) with organic amendments such as FYM, crop residue on soybean crop is largely unknown for salt affected soils. Impact of these soil amendments on soybean chlorophyll pigments, symbiotic traits, nutrient uptake, nutrient harvest index, carbohydrate equivalent yield, crop productivity and economic returns is not being addressed properly. This is particularly true for oilseed crop grown under saline conditions. Methods: A field experiment was conducted for two years (2017 and 2018) to assess the impact of amendments like gypsum, crop residue (CR), farm yard manure (FYM) with recommended dose of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (RNPK) fertilizer dose on soybean crop in degraded vertisol with eight treatments and three replications laid in randomized block design. Result: Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively. Combined application of fertilizers with organic and gypsum amendments increased soybean yield by the magnitude of 49-53% compared to only fertilizer applied treatments. Higher biological yield (4169-4339 kg ha-1), carbohydrate equivalent yield (258.8-266.5 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (118: 8:47:11 -140: 9: 57: 12 kg ha-1N:P:K:S) were observed in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments. Economic analysis showed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio in RNPK+Gypsum+CR (Rs 15247 and 1.48) and RNPK+Gypsum (Rs 14499 and 1.59) treatments.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll at 30 DAS improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM treatment, at 1.561.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYMe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.561e0
- Qualifier
- at 30DASe0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll at 30 DAS improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatment, at 1.593.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+FYMe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.593e0
- Qualifier
- at 30DASe0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid at 30 DAS improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM treatment, at 0.156.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYMe0
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 0.156e0
- Qualifier
- at 30DASe0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid at 30 DAS improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatment, at 0.154.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+FYMe0
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 0.154e0
- Qualifier
- at 30DASe0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation traits improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM treatment, at 33.6 nodules per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYMe0
- Outcome
- nodulation traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 33.6e0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation traits improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatment, at 32.4 nodules per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+FYMe0
- Outcome
- nodulation traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 32.4e0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM treatment, at 26.2 g per plant at harvest.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYMe0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 26.2e0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatment, at 23.9 g per plant at harvest.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+FYMe0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 23.9e0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
- Comparator
- among treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that among treatments, phenological traits such as total chlorophyll (1.561 and 1.593mg g-1), carotenoid (0.156 and 0.154 mg g-1) at 30DAS (days after sowing), nodulation traits (33.6 and 32.4 nodules plant-1) and dry matter accumulation (26.2 and 23.9 g plant-1 at harvest) improved significantly in RNPK+Gypsum+CR+FYM and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM treatments respectively”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizer with organic and gypsum amendments increased soybean yield by 49-53 % compared with fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Combined application of fertilizers with organic and gypsum amendmentse1
- Outcome
- soybean yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 49-53%e1
- Comparator
- only fertilizer applied treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Combined application of fertilizers with organic and gypsum amendments increased soybean yield by the magnitude of 49-53% compared to only fertilizer applied treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield was higher in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments, at 4169-4339 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYMe2
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Direction
- Highere2
- Value
- 4169-4339 kg ha-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Higher biological yield (4169-4339 kg ha-1), carbohydrate equivalent yield (258.8-266.5 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (118: 8:47:11 -140: 9: 57: 12 kg ha-1N:P:K:S) were observed in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate equivalent yield was higher in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments, at 258.8-266.5 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYMe2
- Outcome
- carbohydrate equivalent yielde2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 258.8-266.5 kg ha-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Higher biological yield (4169-4339 kg ha-1), carbohydrate equivalent yield (258.8-266.5 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (118: 8:47:11 -140: 9: 57: 12 kg ha-1N:P:K:S) were observed in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient uptake was higher in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments, at 118: 8:47:11 to 140: 9: 57: 12 kg per hectare of N:P:K:S.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYMe2
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 118: 8:47:11 -140: 9: 57: 12 kg ha-1N:P:K:Se2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Higher biological yield (4169-4339 kg ha-1), carbohydrate equivalent yield (258.8-266.5 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (118: 8:47:11 -140: 9: 57: 12 kg ha-1N:P:K:S) were observed in RNPK+Gypsum+CR±FYM treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were higher in RNPK+Gypsum+CR, at Rs 15247.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CRe3
- Outcome
- net returnse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- Rs 15247e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Economic analysis showed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio in RNPK+Gypsum+CR (Rs 15247 and 1.48) and RNPK+Gypsum (Rs 14499 and 1.59) treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit-cost ratio was higher in RNPK+Gypsum+CR, at 1.48.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsum+CRe3
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 1.48e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Economic analysis showed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio in RNPK+Gypsum+CR (Rs 15247 and 1.48) and RNPK+Gypsum (Rs 14499 and 1.59) treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were higher in RNPK+Gypsum, at Rs 14499.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Economic analysis showed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio in RNPK+Gypsum+CR (Rs 15247 and 1.48) and RNPK+Gypsum (Rs 14499 and 1.59) treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit-cost ratio was higher in RNPK+Gypsum, at 1.59.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RNPK+Gypsume3
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 1.59e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Economic analysis showed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio in RNPK+Gypsum+CR (Rs 15247 and 1.48) and RNPK+Gypsum (Rs 14499 and 1.59) treatments”
t0“Soybean Crop”
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See all 87 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.