Abstract
Core Ideas Deep tillage practices increase soybean yield. Irrigation is a recommended practice for maximizing soybean yields. As the irrigation deficit is increased the soybean seed yield decreases. A major limitation to soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merri.] yield is the availability of water for crop production; however, water available for irrigation is declining in many of the crop growing regions. The objectives of this study were to validate and/or refine current allowable deficit recommendation for evapotranspiration (ET)‐based irrigation scheduling for furrow irrigated soybean and to examine the effects of deep tillage and gypsum amendment on yields and water use efficiency (WUE). This experiment was conducted near Stuttgart, AR, across three growing seasons on a soil type described as a fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Albagualf. The soil management treatments were deep tillage, deep tillage/gypsum application, conventional tillage/gypsum application, and conventional tillage. Irrigation treatments (fully irrigated, +1 deficit, +2 deficit, and non‐irrigated), were replicated three times within each soil treatment. Increases in soybean yields above 20% (2013), 9% (2014), and above 10% (2015), were observed in the deep tillage treatments. No yield benefits were observed in the gypsum amendment treatments. The +1 deficit resulted in reduction of irrigation water used and can be used in conjunction with deep tillage to obtain similar yield responses as fully irrigated treatments. In conventional treatments reduction in yield was observed at all levels of irrigation deficit except for fully irrigated treatments, indicating that conventional soil management practices should follow Arkansas allowable deficit recommendation for ET‐based irrigation scheduling as a maximum allowable deficit to prevent yield loss.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage increased soybean yield by above 20% in 2013.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse1
- Direction
- Increasese1
- Value
- above 20%e1
- Qualifier
- 2013e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“Increases in soybean yields above 20% (2013), 9% (2014), and above 10% (2015), were observed in the deep tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage increased soybean yield by 9% in 2014.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse1
- Direction
- Increasese1
- Value
- 9%e1
- Qualifier
- 2014e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“Increases in soybean yields above 20% (2013), 9% (2014), and above 10% (2015), were observed in the deep tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage increased soybean yield by above 10% in 2015.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse1
- Direction
- Increasese1
- Value
- above 10%e1
- Qualifier
- 2015e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“Increases in soybean yields above 20% (2013), 9% (2014), and above 10% (2015), were observed in the deep tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum amendment gave no soybean yield benefit.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsum amendmente1
- Outcome
- yield benefitse1
- Direction
- Noe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“No yield benefits were observed in the gypsum amendment treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1 deficit reduced irrigation water used in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- +1 deficite1
- Outcome
- irrigation water usede1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“The +1 deficit resulted in reduction of irrigation water used and can be used in conjunction with deep tillage to obtain similar yield responses as fully irrigated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The +1 deficit gave yield responses similar to fully irrigated treatments when used with deep tillage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- +1 deficite1
- Outcome
- yield responsese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- fully irrigated treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“The +1 deficit resulted in reduction of irrigation water used and can be used in conjunction with deep tillage to obtain similar yield responses as fully irrigated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield decreased as the irrigation deficit increased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigation deficite1
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“As the irrigation deficit is increased the soybean seed yield decreases”
Claim · model-written summary
In conventional treatments yield was reduced at every irrigation deficit level except fully irrigated.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigation deficite1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- In conventional treatmentse1
- Comparator
- fully irrigated treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“In conventional treatments reduction in yield was observed at all levels of irrigation deficit except for fully irrigated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional soil management practices should follow the Arkansas allowable deficit recommendation for soybean irrigation scheduling.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Arkansas allowable deficit recommendatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Deep Tillage and Gypsum Amendments on Fully, Deficit Irrigated, and Dryland Soybean”
e1“conventional soil management practices should follow Arkansas allowable deficit recommendation”
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