Abstract
The practice of soybean seed inoculation cannot exceed the 24-hour prior to sowing. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and co-inoculation of osmoprotectant soybean seeds, performed at different times of sowing. The experiments were conducted during two crop seasons at "sandy clay loam Acrisol" and "Cfa climate" in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with four replications. Nine distinct treatments of seeds inoculation were carried out with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium were inoculated alone (conventional inoculation) or combined with Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculation), associated with the use of osmoprotectants. The components of nodulation, leaf chlorophyll, plant growth and grain yield were evaluated. The number of nodules and pods per plant are the variables most correlated with grain yield. Number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains, and A, B and total chlorophyll content were not influenced by inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. All treatments that used osmoprotectant had an increased 30% (in the first year) at average number of nodules in V5 compared to the treatments that did not use it. Co-inoculation provided an increase of 31% and 16% of yield, respectively, compared to the no-inoculation treatment, for the first and second experimental years. Inoculation and co-inoculation when carried out seven days before sowing and associated with the use of the osmoprotector, provides grain yield similar to the inoculation performed at the time of sowing.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Osmoprotectant treatments increased the average number of nodules at V5 by 30% in the first year.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- osmoprotectante0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume1symbiont - Outcome
- average number of nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- in V5e0
- Comparator
- the treatments that did not use ite0
- Setting
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“All treatments that used osmoprotectant had an increased 30% (in the first year) at average number of nodules in V5 compared to the treatments that did not use it”
e1“bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased soybean grain yield by 31% in the first experimental year compared with no inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
- Comparator
- no-inoculation treatmente0
- Setting
- experimental yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“Co-inoculation provided an increase of 31% and 16% of yield, respectively, compared to the no-inoculation treatment, for the first and second experimental years”
e1“combined with Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased soybean grain yield by 16% in the second experimental year compared with no inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- seconde0
- Comparator
- no-inoculation treatmente0
- Setting
- experimental yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“Co-inoculation provided an increase of 31% and 16% of yield, respectively, compared to the no-inoculation treatment, for the first and second experimental years”
e1“combined with Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of nodules and pods per plant were the variables most correlated with grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Outcome
- number of nodules and pods per plante0
- Direction
- most correlatede0
- Qualifier
- grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“The number of nodules and pods per plant are the variables most correlated with grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilization did not influence grains per pod, thousand-grain mass or chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains, and A, B and total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“Number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains, and A, B and total chlorophyll content were not influenced by inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation and co-inoculation seven days before sowing gave grain yield similar to inoculation at sowing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation and co-inoculation when carried out seven days before sowinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- the inoculation performed at the time of sowinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“Inoculation and co-inoculation when carried out seven days before sowing”
e1“provides grain yield similar to the inoculation performed at the time of sowing”
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